ABSTRACT
Quantum optical lithography, a diffraction-unlimited method, was applied to pattern monolayer graphene at 10 nm resolution. In our tests with chemical vapor deposition monolayer graphene samples, we have succeeded in producing flat surfaces of a sandwich of monolayer graphene-resist on Si, Si3N4, or glass substrates. Complex patterns have been written on monolayer graphene samples by a nanoablation process. The method could be used to realize monolayer graphene nanodevices.
ABSTRACT
Two- and three-dimensional effects observed in quantum optical lithography indicate the existence of a long-distance energy migration, greater than 500 nm, to a reaction center with a diameter smaller than 1 nm. The confinement effect was obtained by energy transfer of coherent Frenkel excitons in an electric field gradient followed by a cooperative process of rare-earth ions in fluorescent photosensitive glass ceramics. A mechanism is proposed and discussed in order to explain the breakthrough of the diffraction limit of light. Fluorescent photosensitive glass ceramics act as a coherent perfect absorber, a time-reversed laser.
ABSTRACT
We have investigated the dynamics of the record-erase process of holograms in photochromic glass using continuum Nd:YVO4 laser radiation (λ=532 nm). A bidimensional microgrid pattern was formed and visualized in photochromic glass, and its diffraction efficiency decay versus time (during reconstruction step) gave us information (D, Δn) about the diffusion process inside the material. The recording and reconstruction processes were carried out in an off-axis setup, and the images of the reconstructed object were recorded by a CCD camera. Measurements realized on reconstructed object images using holograms recorded at a different incident power laser have shown a two-stage process involved in silver atom kinetics.
