[Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: problems of diagnosis and treatment].

In 2001-2007, Moscow cancer hospital sixty-two examined 77 patients with chondrosarcoma (including consultative cases). The dedifferentiated form of the tumor was confirmed in 10 (13%) cases. Recurrences and metastases were observed in 3 patients. Radical surgery could be performed in 5 patients, including interileoabdominal exarticulation in 4 patients. Immunohistochemical studies provide a way of specifying the nature of one of the tumor components. Ultrastructural data on the components of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma are first presented in the Russian literature. Fine-needle biopsy and trepan-biopsy may give an incorrect guide to choosing treatment policy. The experience in performing combined therapy for this unusual tumor is first presented in the Russian literature and drug pathomorphism has been studied. Radical surgery remains to be the method of choice in treating patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma; however, the capabilities of multidrug therapy and irradiation should not be ignored in this form of the tumor.

[Osteochondrosarcoma: clinical and morphological comparisons].

A total of 109 patients with chondrosarcoma were operated on in 2005-2007. Classical primary chondrosarcoma was verified in 77 cases; secondary and periosteal chondrosarcomas were confirmed in 28 and 4 patients, respectively. By analyzing their findings and the data available in the literature, the authors considered the current problems in the classification and diagnosis of the most common types of cartilaginous malignancies. New techniques, including cytogenetic assay, significantly alleviate this problem. However, the most precise cytogenetic assays are expensive and not always accessible for usual oncological care. The principal criteria in practice are a clinical picture, the results of radiation studies, and the standard histological method that establishes the differentiation of chondrosarcoma, the extent of a process, and the specific features of tumor growth. Immunohistochemical assay are of no crucial importance. In some cases, fine-needle biopsy may provide useful information to make a decision on treatment policy.

[Adamantinoma of long tubal bones].

Four cases of adamantinomas of the long tubular bones, ulna and femur among them which rarely occur in patients aged 18-64 years (one female) are reported. A late metastasis to the sacrum was observed in one case. Typical diagnostic errors are described. Electron microscopy data are provided. Immunohistochemistry helps in differential diagnosis of this tumor. Histology does not give too much for the prognosis, radical resection does not influence the incidence of recurrences and metastases. The surgeons should be warned against enucleation of the tumor.

[Questionnaire-based determination of groups at high risk for lung cancer]. / Formirovanie grupp povyshennogo riska zabolevaniia rakom legkogo putem anketirovaniia.

The factor analysis of qualitative parameters carried out in 968 patients with lung cancer helped identify certain features which may play the key role in the development and, consequently, diagnosis of various types of the disease. In workers of major industries, smoking proved a significant factor of higher incidence of lung cancer. Formation of the habit at an earlier age, its intensity and concomitant occupational hazards were found to increase the risk of cancer, particularly, in males. Mass screenings and questionnaire--based interviewing of smokers are suggested. Young age and heavy smokers should be included in groups at risk irrespective of occupation.