[The actual concept of salvage therapy for local recurrence prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy].

Despite highly effective radical methods of treatment of prostate cancer (PC), 30% of patients will have a biochemical recurrence. The evolution in the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer after prostatectomy (RP) contributes to the search and development of such methods of treatment of relapses that consider not only the effectiveness, but also the quality of life of patients. This review demonstrates the actual concept of treatment of recurrent PC after RP, starting with salvage androgen-deprivation therapy with or without EBRT, and ending with minimally invasive methods such as salvage high-dose brachytherapy.

Efficient optical-to-terahertz conversion in large-area InGaAs photo-Dember emitters with increased indium content.

In this Letter, optical-to-terahertz (THz) conversion of 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses in large-area bias-free InGaAs emitters based on photo-Dember (PD) and lateral photo-Dember (LPD) effects is experimentally investigated. We use metamorphic buffers to grow sub-micrometer thick InxGa1-xAs layers with indium mole fractions x=0.37, 0.53, and 0.70 on a GaAs substrate. A strong enhancement of THz output energy with an increase of indium content is observed. On the surface of the sample providing the strongest emission (x=0.7), we have fabricated a 1.5cm2 area of asymmetrically shaped metallic grating for LPD emission. This LPD emitter allows achieving high conversion efficiency of 0.24⋅10-3 and a broad generation bandwidth of up to 6 THz. We also demonstrate that there is no significant difference in the conversion efficiency when operating at 1 and 200 kHz repetition rates. Our results show that large-area LPD emitters give a convenient, competitive way to generate intense high-repetition-rate THz pulses.

[Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of perirenal non-hodgkins lymphoma].

A description of specific features of CT-MRI in rare patient with perirenal non-Hodgkins lymphoma is presented in the article. CT scan was used to determine the accumulation of contrast medium and pathological vessels along the right kidneys border. Diffusion weighted MRI revealed the low values of the measured diffusion coefficient (MDC) and high accumulation index of the paramagnetic in the tumor tissue (0.59-0.62). The specific features of perirenal non-Hodgkins lymphoma on CT/MRI, an evaluation of the tumors volume and stage, and signs of malignancy are described.

[Brachytherapy as monotherapy for prostate cancer with the use of temporary sources].

The aim of this study was to investigate disease-free sur- vival and toxicity of high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) in patients with prostate cancer at low risk of progression in monotherapy. With the use of advanced methods of imaging and planning brachytherapy allows achieving a high accuracy of radiotherapy delivering the adequate dose to the prostate and in the same time minimizing the toxic effects from adjacent organs. Brachytherapy by Ir-192 was carried out in 20 patients, in the form of monotherapy 3 fractions in a single focal dose 10 Gy with a two-week interruption between fractions to a total focal dose 30 Gy. Biologically effective dose was 230 Gy. The percentage of the prescribed dose on organ-target (V100) was not less than 95% (average 97.1 %). The critical dose on the urethra and the rectum was 110% and 70% of the prescribed dose respectively. The early and late radiation toxic reactions from genitourinary system and gastrointestinal tract in all of them were marked only as I grade. There were no adverse events of II-IV grades. Therefore HDR-BT as monotherapy has proved to be a safe and effective method of treatment prostate cancer patients of low risk of progression. Disease-free 5-year survival was 100% while minimizing toxic reactions from adjacent organs.

[The role of systemic radiotherapy in the combined treatment for hormone-resistant prostate cancer].

To relieve pain associated with multiple bone metastases radiopharmaceutical method of treatment is of great importance--the use of beta-emission isotope of strontium chloride-89 (metastron). Passing through the human skeletal system, strontium-89 accumulates in areas of high mineral density, which is it typical for osteoblastic metastases. In our institution in the frames of a randomized trial in 90 patients with metastatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer it was carried out systemic radiotherapy with strontium-89 chloride as a stage of complex treatment. Stabilization of pain syndrome during treatment was 72,7% and its progression was noted in 27,3% cases. Radiopharmaceutical therapy is well tolerated and can be used as a stage in complex treatment of patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer.

[Complications and effectiveness of treatment of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer after combined radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy with postoperative radiotherapy].

Treatment for prostate cancer remains a significant social problem due to the continuing trend of growth of morbidity and mortality in Russia from this disease. In recent years a real alternative to surgical treatment is radiotherapy. In treatment of locally advanced stages of prostate cancer radiotherapy plays a dominant role. At our institution from 2005 till 2011, 105 patients with locally advanced prostate cancer underwent complex and combined treatment comprising in the first group the concomitant radiotherapy with Ir-192 and the control group--radical prostatectomy followed by adjuvant remote radiotherapy. In patients treated with concomitant radiotherapy compared to the control group there were occurred fewer number of genitourinary complications according to the RTOG scale (5,8% vs. 32,7%). In patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy urinary incontinence was met significantly often.