[The informative laboratory biomarkers for detection of negative impact of vibration on organism of workers].

The analysis was carried out concerning new characteristics of diagnostic informativeness of particular biochemical, immunologic, cytochemical and hematologic indicators under impact of vibration on human organism. It is established that high diagnostic informativeness is typical for indicators of oxidation metabolism (alpha-superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase in neutrophils, alpha-tokopherol), humoral immunity (IgA, IgG), hematologic indicators (corpuscular volume, peroxide hemolysis of erythrocytes, thrombocytes aggregation velocity) and level of creatinine in urine reflecting damages of muscular tissue. The levels of biomarkers mentioned above begin to alter in healthy workers and in individuals under suspicion of vibration disease. These indicators are characterized by high diagnostic sensitivity and pathognomonicity and can be recommended for early diagnostic of vibration disease.

[Effect of vibration, noise, physical exertion and unfavorable microclimate on carbohydrate metabolism in workers engaged into mining industry and machine building].

The authors studied influence of vibration, noise, physical overexertion and microclimate on carbohydrates metabolism and insulin resistance in metal mining industry workers. Findings are that vibration disease appeared to have maximal effect on insulin resistance test results and insulin level. The authors suggested biomarkers for early diagnosis of insulin resistance disorders in metal mining industry workers.

[Influence of vibration on changes in S100B protein content of peripheral blood in miners].

The authors studied influence of vibration on serum neurotropic protein S100B level in miners. Vibration appeared to cause significant effect on increase of this protein level. With that, there is a moderate correlation between the protein level and intensity of the vibration effect.

[Biologic markers for early diagnosis of effects caused by exposure to coal dust in miners].

The authors studied changes in several laboratory values of coal miners in Russian Federation, defined information value of these changes and suggested complex of methods for early preclinical diagnosis of negative effects caused by coal dust in the miners. Dust-related respiratory diseases were proved to develop by stages on molecular level.

[The choice of laboratory biomarkers for early detection of vibration unfavorable impact on human organism].

The vibration impact on various biochemical, citochemical, immunologic and hematological indicator was studied. It is established that the indicators of oxidative metabolism (the activity of blood superoxide dismutase, neutrophil myeloperoxidase and malonic dialdehyde concentration), the level of immunoglobulin A, M and G, the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in neutrophils, the content of creatinine in urine are changed on the pre-clinical stage. The increase of concentration of hemoglobin begins under vibration disease 1 and the character of alteration in erythrocytes volume depends on the evidence of vibration impact. The diagnostic characteristics of various laboratory tests are established The biomarkers are selected to evaluate the health status of workers contacting with vibration. The set of laboratory biomarkers is proposed to apply during the examination of workers contacting with vibration. The implementation of this set permits to detect the early pre-clinical alterations in workers' organism, to assess the evidence of alterations in patients with vibration disease and to establish disorders in patients with late effects of vibration pathology.

[The levels of enzymes of blood neutrophilic leukocytes during the impact on the organism of vibration, vibration in aggregate with nickelous dust and nickel hydroaerosol].

The predominant impact of vibration and vibration in aggregate with nickelous dust and nickel hydroaerosol on the organism of workers administer significant influence on the levels of blood neutrophilic leukocytes and such neutrophil enzymes as acid and alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase. In addition to that the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases increases and the activity of myelopemroxidase reliably decreases. The intensive alteration of enzymes' activity develops already on the preclinical stage and even worsens in patients with vibratory disease. At the contact with the higher levels of nickel hydroaerosol the alteration of activity of these enzymes develops in early period at the experience less than 10 years.

[Unidirectionality of elemental state disorders in workers contacting arsenic compounds and in oncologic patients].

The authors determined concentrations of 24 elements in hair of workers contacting arsenic high concentrations in workplace air, of individuals suffering from malignancies variable in localization, and of general population residing in places with environmentally high level of arsenic. Individuals with high hair content of arsenic and certain elemental dysbalance (sharp decrease of elements ratio Si/Hg, Zn/Hg, Se/Hg, P/Hg, Ni/Hg and Nb/Hg, if compared to control group) were assigned to high risk group for malignancies development.

[Influence of vibration on biochemical values characterizing oxidative metabolism, immunity, metabolism in muscular and connective tissues (review of literature)].

The authors reviewed literature on molecular aspects of vibration effects in workers. Findings are that apparently healthy workers demonstrate changes in oxidative metabolism, rheological properties of blood, increased RBC membrane permeability, higher urinary level of substances characterizing muscular and connective tissues dystrophy.

[Biochemical markers of vibration effects in workers, and their criterial evaluation].

The authors studied influence of vibration on some serum biochemical values. Oxidative stress and muscular tissue parameters appeared to be the earliest indicators to change. Preclinical stage of vibration disease is characterized by lower activity of superoxide dismutase, increased urinary levels of creatinine and CCr coefficient. Slight increase in serum catalase activity is seen. These parameters increase in vibration disease patients. Urinary creatinine level remains high in some individuals with residual manifestations of vibration disease, after the exposure. Serum levels of copper, ceruloplasmin, potassium, sodium, cholinesterase activity are changed insignificantly under influence of vibration. The authors calculated occurrence of individuals who demonstrate abnormal changes of the stated parameters.

[Contemporary laboratory markers of early stages of vibratory pathology development].

Having analyzed literature data and results of their own research, the authors describe early alterations on the cellular and molecular levels of the organism in exposure to local and general vibration. Those include changes in oxidative metabolism, immune shifts, lesions of cell membranes, deterioration of blood rheology, lesions of muscular and connecting tissues, disturbances of mineral exchange. The paper suggests a complex of laboratory tests for early detection of prepathological conditions of the organism in exposure to vibration. It includes measurement of certain parameters, such as the serum levels of vitamin E, malonic dialdehyde, immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG, circulating immune complexes as well as assessment of antioxidative activity, peroxide erythrocyte hemolysis, spontaneous and ADF-induced thrombocyte aggregation, measurement of erythrocyte diameter and volume, creatinine and oxiproline urine concentration, myoglobine blood level and copper serum level. The above parameters are of sufficiently high diagnostic sensitivity and reflect the main aspects of vibratory pathology pathogenesis.

[Early clinical and laboratory signs of exposure to nickel in electroplating shop workers]. / Ranniaia kliniko-laboratornaia diagnostika vozdeistviia nikelia na zdorov'e rabochikh gal'vanicheskikh tsekhov.

The authors studied diagnostic value of biochemical, immunologic parameters in workers exposed to lower levels of nickel. Suggestion is a complex of characteristics having the highest sensitivity and appropriate in screening for early changes in health state of workers exposed to nickel.

[Clinical and laboratory aspects concerning early detection of lead intoxication]. / Kliniko-laboratornye aspekty rannego vyiavleniia svintsovoi intoksikatsii.

Considerable changes are induced in children by serum lead level of 0.48 mol/l and in adults by that of 1.42 mol/l. As these values are significantly lower than those considered now as safe serum lead levels, necessity is to decrease allowable serum lead level to 1.4 mol/l for adults and to 0.48 mol/l for children.

[Evaluation of informative value of laboratory tests and test complexes for the occupational diseases]. / Otsenka informativnosti laboratornykh testov i ikh kompleksov v profpatologii.

The authors discuss the criteria for rational selection of laboratory parameters most informative for the diagnosis of occupational diseases. Such criteria as diagnostic significance, diagnostic specificity, diagnostic informative value according to Kulback (Igx), and diagnostic selectiveness ensure the optimal selection of laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of occupational diseases. Diagnostic sensitivity is not a stable value, as it depends on the disease severity and degree of exposure to harmful factors. Basic requirements, which should be taken account of when selecting the complex of laboratory methods for the diagnosis of occupational diseases, are defined.

[Atomic absorption in mercury determination by "Julia-2" analyzer and urine mercury level in children of Moscow suburbs]. / Atomno-absorbtsionnoe opredeliene rtuti na analizatore "Iuliia-2" i soderzhanie ee v moche detei, prozhivaiushchikh v Moskovskoi oblasti.

The authors report on atomic absorption method determining mercury in urine. Being sensitive, with lower determination threshold of 10 nmole/l and correctness of 95.5%, the method was tested on children living in two districts of Moscow suburb.

[The development of the methods for the determination of nickel and its urine levels by inversion voltamperometry]. / Razrabotka metodiki opredeleniia nikelia metodom inversionnoi vol'tamperometrii i estestvennoe soderzhanie ego v moche cheloveka]

The authors created a method detecting nickel through inversion voltamperometry by Russian analyzer CVA = 1BM. The method is diagnostic in hygienic, clinical and toxicologic studies for measuring quantity of nickel that enters human body during occupational activities.

[Elaboration and improvement of biochemical methods in early diagnosis and prognostication of the development of occupational diseases]. / Razrabotka i usovershenstvovanie biokhimicheskikh metodov rannei diagnostiki i prognozirovaniia razvitiia profzabolevanii.

The article summarizes and analyzes scientific and practical studies conducted by Laboratory Department of Moscow Erisman Hygienic Research Institute. The theoretic works described resorption of Metallic ions from digestive tract into the blood, revealed mathematic dependence of resorption coefficient on ion radius and potential, hydration heat, solubility and other physical and chemical parameters. The scientists developed basic requirements for hazards detection in human biologic material during hygienic and toxicologic clinical investigations. A suggested bunch of biochemical and immunologic methods helps in early and differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases caused by dust. Refinements in some biochemical and toxicologic chemical methods enable to improve metrological characteristics, reduce reagents amount, simplify the methods.

[Measurement of lead and cadmium in urine and blood by the inversion volta amperometry using SVA-IBM analyzer]. / Opredelenie svintsa i kadmiia v moche i krovi metodom inversionnoi vol'tamperometrii na analizatore SVA-IBM.

The authors suggest a method evaluating lead and cadmium in human urine by means of new Russian device SVA-IBM (CBA-IBM). Inversion volta amperometry forms a basis of the method that is quite sensitive, precise and selective. Substances normal for mineralized urine and blood do not interfere with the evaluation. The method is recommended for evaluation of lead and cadmium for clinical, hygienic, toxicological purposes. Unlike polarographic method, the technique requires no metallic mercury and highly pure inert gas.