Características de las lesiones no intencionales domésticas en niños entre 5 y 10 años que residen en barrios de Corrientes Capital, 2022 / Caracteristics of non-intencional domestic injuries in childrenbetween 5 and 10 years old who live in neighborhoods of Corrientes Capital, 2022

Objetivo: caracterizar las lesiones no intencionales domésticas en el hogar en niños de 5 a 10 años en dos barrios de Corrientes, Capital en el primer semestre del año 2022. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Muestreo de tipo consecutivo. La muestra total fue de 185 encuestas aplicadas a los cuidadores principales en un período no mayor a 6 meses. Variables: edad del cuidador; sexo del cuidador; nivel educativo del cuidador principal; edad y sexo de niños/as; lesión no intencional y su frecuencia; circunstancias en que ocurren las lesiones no intencionales y modo de actuación ante el hecho de lesión no intencional. Resultados: grupo etario de los cuidadores principales de los niños/as con lesiones no intencionales fueron los adultos jóvenes (78%), siendo el género pre-dominante el femenino (78%); nivel de instrucción más alto obtenido corresponde al terciario incompleto (28%); los niños de 5 años de edad presentaron más lesiones no intencionales (27%), predominan-do el género femenino (57%). Las lesiones ocurrieron principalmente cuando se encontraban jugando (58%) y fueron principalmente las escoriaciones (20%); el modo de actuación más utilizado por los cuidadores principales correspondió a realización de primeros auxilios y posterior traslado al hospital (29%). Conclusiones: las lesiones no intencionales domésticas son muy frecuentes, entre ellas excoriaciones, quemaduras y contusiones. No hay grandes variaciones en sus tipos y frecuencias según el barrio en donde viven los infantes afectados. El modo de actuar más utilizado por el cuidador responsable ante estas lesiones son los primeros auxilios y el traslado a un hospital o cuidados en el hogar sin recurrir a un centro sanitario[AU]

Objectives: to characterize unintentional domestic injuries at home in children from 5 to 10 years old in two neighborhoods of Co-rrientes, Capital in the first semester of 2022. Methodology: obser-vational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Consecutive type sam-pling. The total sample consisted of 185 surveys applied to the main caregivers in a period not exceeding 6 months. Variables: age of the caregiver; caregiver's sex; educational level of the main caregiver; age and sex of children; unintentional injury and its frequency; cir-cumstances in which unintentional injuries occur and mode of ac-tion in the event of unintentional injury. Results: age group of the main caregivers of children with unintentional injuries were young adults (78%), with the predominant gender being female (78%); highest level of education obtained corresponds to incomplete ter-tiary (28%); 5-year-old children presented more unintentional in-juries (27%), with a predominance of the female gender (57%). The injuries occurred mainly when they were playing (58%) and were mainly abrasions (20%); The mode of action most used by the main caregivers corresponded to first aid and subsequent transfer to the hospital (29%). Conclusions: unintentional domestic injuries are very frequent, including abrasions, burns and bruises. There are no great variations in its types and frequencies depending on the neighborhood where the affected infants live. The most used mode of action by the caregiver responsible for these injuries is first aid and transfer to a hospital or home care without resorting to a heal-th center[AU]

Objectivos: caracterizar as lesões domésticas não intencionais em crianças de 5 a 10 anos em dois bairros de Corrientes, Capital, no primeiro semestre de 2022. Metodologia: estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal. Amostragem de tipo consecutiva. A amos-tra total foi composta por 185 inquéritos aplicados aos cuidadores principais num período não superior a 6 meses. Variáveis: idade do cuidador; sexo do cuidador; escolaridade do cuidador principal; idade e sexo das crianças; lesão não intencional e sua frequência; circunstâncias em que ocorrem lesões não intencionais e modo de ação em caso de lesão não intencional. Resultados: a faixa etária dos principais cuidadores de crianças com lesões não intencionais eram adultos jovens (78%), com predomínio do sexo feminino (78%); o maior nível de escolaridade obtido corresponde ao ensino superior incompleto (28%); As crianças de 5 anos apresentaram mais lesões não intencionais (27%), com predominância do sexo feminino (57%). As lesões ocorreram principalmente durante o jogo (58%) e foram principalmente escoriações (20%); O modo de atuação mais utilizado pelos cuidadores principais correspondeu aos primei-ros socorros e posterior transferência para o hospital (29%). Con-clusões: lesões domésticas não intencionais são muito frequentes, incluindo escoriações, queimaduras e contusões. Não há grandes variações em seus tipos e frequências dependendo do bairro onde vivem os lactentes acometidos. A forma de atuação mais utilizada pelo cuidador responsável por estas lesões são os primeiros soco-rros e a transferência para um hospital ou cuidados domiciliários sem recorrer a um centro de saúde. caregivers corresponded to first aid and subsequent transfer to the hospital (29%). Conclusions: unintentional domestic injuries are very frequent, including abrasions, burns and bruises. There are no great variations in its types and frequencies depending on the neighborhood where the affected infants live. The most used mode of action by the caregiver responsible for these injuries is first aid and transfer to a hospital or home care without resorting to a heal-th center.Keywords: unintentional injury, infants, primary caregivers, accidents, home, housing, child, preschool[AU]

Implementation of clinical assistants in a pediatric oncology department: An impact analysis.

Bureaucratic and administrative tasks associated with health care provision have historically fallen on health care professionals, which is one among the factors contributing to low job satisfaction and lower productivity. Incorporating new professional roles that help to better respond to the needs of both patients and professionals can increase the quality and efficiency of service provision. This article aims to evaluate the impact of the clinical assistant's introduction in the Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Children's Hospital's pediatric oncology department, in terms of (i) displacement of activity loads carried out by this new professional role and the consequent time freed up for physicians, (ii) physicians' satisfaction and (iii) efficiency of the new care model. This is an observational and retrospective study using administrative data based on the type of activity performed by clinical assistants and the measurement of the time freed up in favor of the physicians. The potential skill mix productivity increase, survey of physicians' satisfaction, and reduction in costs with the new model was analyzed. During the first year of its implementation in the pediatric oncology department, clinical assistants have performed 13,553 requests (69% of the total), representing a total saving of 266.83 hours or 6.67 workweeks of 40 hours. They performed 74% of outpatient surgical requests in the oncology department, 87% of day hospital requests and 54% of total requests in the outpatient consultations area. Physicians are overall satisfied with the new role and think they can use the time gained to do other things such as research or improving the quality of care. The role change allows reducing the cost per request by 56% in relation to the conventional model. In conclusion, the introduction of clinical assistants in the oncology department could be efficient to the extent that it displaces a significant part of the bureaucratic and administrative tasks previously performed by health care professionals and thus enables to reduce the cost of these processes. This delegation allows them to work more closely to the maximum of their competences and the physicians to have more time for higher added value clinical tasks and increase professional satisfaction.

Altas dosis de dexametasona en niños y adolescentes con epilepsia de difícil control / High doses of dexamethasone in children and adolescents with epilepsy of difficult control

Objetivo: Describir las principales características clínicas y evolutivas de una serie de pacientes con epilepsia de difícil control, tratados con altas dosis de dexametasona intravenosa.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con una serie de 12 casos tratados por epilepsia de difícil control en el Servicio de Neuropediatría del Hospital Pediátrico Docente “Juan Manuel Márquez” de enero de 2010 a septiembre de 2018. Se les administró dexametasona intravenosa a altas dosis en tres días consecutivos cada mes(ciclo) y durante cinco meses, además de los fármacos antiepilépticos que tenían indicados. Se analizó la edad de inicio de la epilepsia y al diagnóstico, la edad al inicio del tratamiento, el tipo de crisis y de epilepsia, el tiempo entre el inicio de la epilepsia y el tratamiento y, además, la causa. Se utilizó el test exacto de Fisher para la determinación de la asociación entre estas dos últimas variables y la evolución clínica.Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes del sexo masculino, los que iniciaron lasmanifestaciones clínicas en el primer año de vida, aquellos que presentaron varios tipos de crisis, los que usaban politerapia y tenían una causa conocida de la epilepsia (sintomática). Luego de los cinco ciclos de tratamiento, se detectó una evolución satisfactoria (disminuyó en al menos 50 Por ciento la frecuencia de las crisis) en 8 de 12 enfermos. Solo en dos casos se presentaron reacciones adversas al tratamiento (hipertensión arterial), que no requirieron la retirada de la terapéutica.Conclusiones: Hubo predominio en los pacientes con varios tipos de crisis epilépticas y en los que la causa de la epilepsia fue reconocida (estructural). En ellos, el uso de la dexametasona intravenosa a altas dosis, añadido a otros fármacos antiepilépticos, fueuna alternativa eficaz para disminuir la frecuencia de las crisis epilépticas(AU)

Objective: To describe the main clinical and evolutionary characteristics of a series of patients with difficult control epilepsy treated with high doses of intravenous dexamethasone.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with a series of 12 cases treated for difficult control epilepsy in the Neuropediatric Service at Juan Manuel Márquez Pediatric Teaching Hospital from January 2010 to September 2018. They receivedintravenous dexamethasone at high doses on 3 consecutive days each month (cycle) and for five months, in addition to the antiepileptic drugs they had indicated. This study analyzed the ages at epilepsy onset and at diagnosis, at the beginning of treatment, the type of seizures and epilepsy, the time between the epilepsy onset and treatment and, inaddition, the cause. The fisher exact test was used to determine the association between these last two variables and the clinical evolution.Results: Male patients predominated, those who started clinical manifestations in the first year of life, those who presented several types of seizures, those who used polytherapy and had a known cause of epilepsy (symptomatic). After five treatment cycles, a satisfactory evolution was detected. The frequency of seizures decreased by at least 50 Per cent in 8 of 12 patients. Only in two cases showed adverse reactions to the treatment (arterial hypertension), which did notrequire the withdrawal of the therapy.Conclusions: There was a predominance of patients with several types of epilepticseizures and of those that the cause of epilepsy was recognized as structural. In them, the use of intravenous dexamethasone at high doses, added to other antiepileptic drugs, was an effective alternative to reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures(AU)

Trombosis de senos venosos cerebrales en Pediatría / Cerebral venous sinus thromboses in Pediatrics

Introducción: la trombosis de los senos venosos cerebrales es un trastorno infrecuente en niños y adolescentes, que en muchas ocasiones es mal diagnosticado o se demora su reconocimiento, y por lo tanto, el inicio del tratamiento. Presentación de casos: se describen las principales características clínicas de 3 pacientes; uno, de 4 años y del sexo masculino, y 2 de 17 años cumplidos y del sexo femenino, con diagnóstico comprobado de trombosis de senos venosos. Se identificaron factores de riesgo en los 3 pacientes, y presentaron signos de focalización neurológica, manifestaciones de hipertensión intracraneal y papiledema (2 de ellos vómitos y cefaleas al inicio del cuadro clínico, y uno presentó inicialmente trastorno de la conciencia). Los 3 fueron tratados con anticoagulación como terapéutica específica y evolucionaron satisfactoriamente. Conclusiones: las trombosis venosas de los senos cerebrales son una forma de presentación poco frecuente, pero grave, de ictus en la infancia. La sospecha clínica debe ser considerada ante todo paciente con factores de riesgo conocidos, con instalación aguda de manifestaciones en que se sospecha un origen vascular, con hipertensión intracraneal y/o convulsiones(AU)

Introduction: cerebral venous sinus thromboses is an infrequent disorder in children and adolescents that in many cases is misdiagnosed or the diagnosis is belated, thus the beginning of the treatment. Cases presentation: clinical characteristics of 3 patients are described: one of 4 years old and male sex, and 2 of 17 years old and female sex, with a confirmed diagnosis of venous sinuses thrombosis. Risk factors were identified in the 3 patients, and they presented signs of neurological focalization, manifestations of intracraneal hypertension and papilledema (two of them vomiting and cephalalgia at the onset of the clinical manifestations, and one of them initially presented consciousness disorders). The 3 cases were treated with anticoagulation as specific therapy, and they evolved satisfactorily. Conclusions: cerebral venous sinuses thromboses are an uncommon but severe manifestation of ictus in childhood. Clinical suspicion most be considered with patients having known risk factors, acute manifestations related to vascular origin, intracranial hypertension and/or convulsions(AU)

[Diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction within the first seventy-two hours after cardiac surgery]. / Diagnóstico de infarto miocárdico perioperatorio dentro de las primeras 72 horas posteriores a la cirugía cardiaca.

UNLABELLED: One of the most frequent complications of cardiac surgery is the perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI). Incidence of PMI shows a wide variation because an accurate detection of this complication is difficult in the early postoperative stage. The objectives of the present study were to determine in our population of patients the incidence of PMI during the first seventy two hours after cardiac surgery as well as associations among the accepted criteria to diagnose this complication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty four adults patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were studied. With baselines preoperative studies, serial electrocardiographic, enzymatic [(determination of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB)] and echocardiographic studies were performed during the first 72 hours after cardiac surgery. Diagnosis of PMI was established with two or all the three positive criteria [electrocardiographic (ECG), enzymatic (CK-MB) and echocardiographic (ECHO)]. RESULTS: In 24 (15%) patients PMI was diagnosed. In this group 13 (54%) all the three criteria were positive. In 8 (33%) patients CK-MB and ECHO were positive. In 3 (13%) patients CK-MB and ECG were positive. CONCLUSIONS: In our population the incidence of PMI (15%) is agree with the reported in previous studies. In most of cases of PMI all the three diagnostic criteria are positive. When diagnosis is established only with two criteria, in most of cases these are CK-MB and ECHO.

Diagnóstico de infarto miocárdico perioperatorio dentro de las primeras 72 horas posteriores a la cirugía cardiaca / Diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction within the first seventy-two hours after cardiac surgery

One of the most frequent complications of cardiac surgery is the perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI). Incidence of PMI shows a wide variation because an accurate detection of this complication is difficult in the early postoperative stage. The objectives of the present study were to determine in our population of patients the incidence of PMI during the first seventy two hours after cardiac surgery as well as associations among the accepted criteria to diagnose this complication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty four adults patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were studied. With baselines preoperative studies, serial electrocardiographic, enzymatic [(determination of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB)] and echocardiographic studies were performed during the first 72 hours after cardiac surgery. Diagnosis of PMI was established with two or all the three positive criteria [electrocardiographic (ECG), enzymatic (CK-MB) and echocardiographic (ECHO)]. RESULTS: In 24 (15%) patients PMI was diagnosed. In this group 13 (54%) all the three criteria were positive. In 8 (33%) patients CK-MB and ECHO were positive. In 3 (13%) patients CK-MB and ECG were positive. CONCLUSIONS: In our population the incidence of PMI (15%) is agree with the reported in previous studies. In most of cases of PMI all the three diagnostic criteria are positive. When diagnosis is established only with two criteria, in most of cases these are CK-MB and ECHO.