ABSTRACT
This study was performed to determine quality changes of battered and breaded pre-fried snack product developed from large sized (5.5-10.5 kg) Catla (Catla catla) fish stored at chilled temperature (- 2 to - 4 °C). Quality changes were assessed based on biochemical, microbiological and sensory quality evaluation at 2 days interval for a period of 18 days. Results of biochemical analysis showed increase in total volatile base-nitrogen (TVB-N) values from initial value of 4.15-13.74 mg/100 g, free fatty acid (FFA) increased from 0.95 to 2.98% in terms of oleic acid, peroxide value (PV) increased from 2.6 to 3.9 meq of O2/kg of fat and pH increased from 6.5 to 6.79 during 18 days chilled storage. Linearity (r2) of TVB-N, FFA, PV and pH values during storage were found to be 0.98, 0.99, 0.97 and 0.99 respectively. In microbiological quality evaluation total plate count (Log. Values) increased from 2.17 to 4.65, while Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and spore count were not detected during storage period. Results of sensory analysis reported a negative correlation with storage period concluding the shelf life of battered and breaded fish cutlet from Catla fish to be 12 days at chilled storage conditions.
ABSTRACT
Paraquat (PQ) is a nonselective bipyridyl herbicide widely used in agriculture to control weeds, but its accidental, occupational, or intentional exposure in humans is known to cause pneumo- and neurotoxicity which may proves fatal. Oxidative stress is reported as an underlined mechanism of PQ-induced toxicity in alveolar cells, neurons, and astroglia. PQ generates superoxides both through electron transport reaction (ETC) with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidoreductase and by the redox cycling via reaction with molecular oxygen. In lungs, it causes edema and inflammation resulting in neutrophils infiltration and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, toxicity of subacute oral PQ exposure and effect of resveratrol (Res) and/or tetracycline (TC) on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in lungs, brain, and liver was studied. Levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde and activities of myeloperoxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were measured in lungs, brain, and liver. PQ interferes in the function of mitochondrial ETC complexes causing decreased adenosine triphosphate levels, and hence the activities of complexes I and IV were studied in brain tissues. Res, a natural antioxidant, and TC, an antibiotic with its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, offered significant protection from severe oxidative stress and inflammation and ameliorated the general well-being of mice against the toxic outcome of PQ.
