Effect of pH, ionic strength and oxygen burden on the chemical stability of EPC/cholesterol liposomes under accelerated conditions. Part 1: Lipid hydrolysis.

The accelerated stability of purified egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC)/cholesterol liposomes was studied under various formulation conditions using a 2(3) factorial experimental design. The three factors included in the study were pH, ionic strength of the buffer and the headspace oxygen content in the container. The results showed that lipid hydrolysis followed pseudo first-order kinetics. Data analysis using factorial design revealed that pH of the buffer was the predominant factor influencing the rate of lipid hydrolysis. Neither the ionic strength of the buffer, nor the presence of oxygen in the headspace of the container significantly affected the EPC hydrolysis. The hydrolysis rate of EPC at pH 4.0 buffer was at least 1.75 times greater than that at pH 4.8. A prediction based on the Arrhenius equation suggests that the EPC/cholesterol liposomes should be formulated in a buffer with pH equal to or greater than 4. 2 in order to have a shelf-life longer than 1 year at 5 degrees C.

Physical-chemical aspects of denture retention and stability: a review of the literature.

The physical-chemical mechanism of retention of dentures is a highly complex one. A review of the literature suggests in addition that retention also is a personal phenomenon under the control of numerous factors. Chief among the factors involved in the retention of a well-adapted denture are the forces related to the wetting of the denture and of the mucosal surfaces and the cohesive or intermolecular characteristics of the saliva. The ill-fitting denture most often results from an increase of variation in the denture-mucosa interspace, probably due to bone resorption rather than to any major changes in the physical-chemical factors.