ABSTRACT
A multiport illumination system (MIS) suitable for use during microsurgery of the vitreous body is presented. The MIS consists of several thin, illuminated pilot tubes, which are secured in the pars plana region and emit bright light at a wide angle. Through their lumen interchangeable 20 gauge instruments for active bi-manual vitreous surgery and an infusion pipe can be introduced. The system illuminates the entire field of wide-angle observation devices without the need for an additional hand-held light source.
Subject(s)
Lighting , Vitrectomy/instrumentation , Animals , Equipment Design , Humans , Microsurgery/instrumentation , SwineABSTRACT
Canthaxanthin is used as a food-coloring agent, a photoprotective agent in certain photodermatoses, a tan-simulating agent, and a pigment to darken vitiliginous skin. This article reviews the current literature on canthaxanthin and reports the evaluation of oral canthaxanthin as an artificial pigment for the management of vitiligo. Fifty-six patients were studied, using serum canthaxanthin levels, pre- and post-treatment photographs with standard conditions, physician assessment, and patient questionnaires evaluating treatment results. Canthaxanthin was rated "very satisfactory" by 10%, "satisfactory" by 35%, and "unsatisfactory" by 54% of patients. In light-skinned individuals, self-reports were "very satisfactory" in 27%, "satisfactory" in 45%, and "unsatisfactory" in 27%. In dark-skinned individuals, the treatment was less effective. Women were happier with the results than men. Major side effects were red stools and orange palms and soles. Canthaxanthin can be taken orally, is easy to use, and can be a cosmetically acceptable therapy in selected cases of vitiligo.
