Clinical and Histological Effects of Calcium Hydroxyapatite Filler in the Orofacial Region: A Study in Rats.

BACKGROUND: Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) dermal filler has been increasingly used in facial aesthetic procedures. OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical and histological changes associated with calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) dermal filler in the orofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight female Wistar rats were divided into CaHA and control groups. The material was applied in the ventral tongue and the submandibular region; the animals were euthanized after 7, 30, and 90 days. RESULTS: After 7 days, yellowish nodules with a firm consistency were observed on the tongue. In 2 animals, the material migrated to the base of the tongue. Histopathological examination revealed CaHA spheres surrounded by an infiltrate, predominantly composed of macrophages. In the CaHA group, the percentage of collagen in the tongue and dermis was higher compared with the control group (p < .05) at both 30 and 90 days. The thickness of the epidermis/dermis was also higher in the CaHA group (p < .05). In 5 submandibular glands containing material, areas of edema and hyperemia were observed, along with infiltrates of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Changes in the morphology of ducts and acini in adjacent regions were evident. CONCLUSION: CaHA exhibits satisfactory properties for filling and collagen biostimulation in the tested regions. Further studies are required to explore the potential for migration and the glandular alterations.

Adverse effects of deoxycholic acid in submandibular glands, submental, inguinal and subplantar regions: a study in rats.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of the deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the submental and subplantar regions of rats, and to histologically analyze the changes caused in the submandibular glands, soft tissues of the paw, and inguinal adipose tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into DCA and control (CG) groups. DCA was injected in the submental, inguinal, and subplantar regions, and saline was injected in the CG. The animals were euthanized after 24 h and at 7 and 21 days. RESULTS: The DCA group showed edema in the submental region in 24 h and in the paw in all experimental times. In the paw there were also erythema and ulceration in 7 days, and alopecia after 21 days. At 21 days, a few animals also showed erythema and ulceration in paw; however, there was no significant difference from CG. Histological analysis of the paw showed an intense inflammatory process, with a predominance of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in 24 h and 7 days. In the adipose tissue, we observed loss of architecture and inflammatory infiltrate, followed with a lower number of adipose cells, and at 21 days, fibroplasia. In the submandibular glands we observed inflammatory infiltration, loss of tissue architecture, and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: DCA produces a significant inflammatory process in the structures. It can cause skin ulcerations and, in salivary glands, it causes loss of tissue architecture and fibrosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There has been growing increase in the use of DCA for aesthetic purposes by health care providers. Due to the presence of important anatomical structures in the submental region, constant vigilance is required to report new adverse effects.

Craniofacial and dental manifestations of triple X syndrome associated with congenital hypothyroidism: a case report.

Triple X syndrome (47,XXX) is a numerical chromosomal alteration that affects 1/1,000 women, in which the woman is born with an extra X chromosome. Some oral changes have been reported in the literature, as hypodontia, influence on deposition of crown enamel and discrepancies in cephalometric measurements. Other systemic complications may lead to oral abnormalities similar to those seen in triple X patients, such as congenital hypothyroidism (CH). This paper reports a triple X syndrome case associated with CH later treated. Besides delay in cognitive and intellectual development, the patient had changes in teeth development and in cephalometric measurements with deficiencies in the maxilla and mandible. This is the first report of a triple X syndrome associated with CH. Both conditions may result in changes in dentofacial development.

Oral lichen planus: focus on etiopathogenesis.

Lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease, which frequently affects the oral mucosa of white females over 40 years old. Its aetiology remains uncertain and the pathogenesis is still the object of much speculation. The present paper presents the most well known antigens, and describes the action of different cells and proteins associated with the development of that disease, as well as the possible agents involved with its malignant transformation. Different external agents, especially virus, and internal agents, like stress, and the heat shock protein antigen expression, associated or not, can alter the basal keratinocytes of the oral mucosa making them susceptible to apoptosis by CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell as well as activate matrix metalloproteinase and mast cell degranulation, which produce a great range of inflammatory mediators and cytokines determining the clinical onset of the disease. Regarding carcinogenesis, since it is a complex process and presents multifactorial origin, it is believed that there may be a synergism between intrinsic, such as inflammation mediators, and extrinsic agents (tobacco, alcohol, viral infections) for the OLP malignant transformation to occur. However, further studies are needed to better understand the origin, pathogenesis and process of malignant transformation of OLP.

Estudo dos casos de ameloblastomas diagnosticados no Laboratorio de Patologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul / Study of ameloblastoma's cases diagnosed in the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

Com o objetivo de obter um perfil de indivíduos afetados por ameloblastoma e comparar os resultados com os estudos encontrados na literatura, realizou-se uma análise retrospectiva dos casos de ameloblastomas do Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da FO-UFRGS. Os resultados revelaram uma maior ocorrência em indivíduos jovens, do sexo feminino, raça branca, localização predominantemente na mandíbula e tipo histológico plexiforme. Conclui-se que, o perfil dos pacientes com ameloblastoma diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da FO-UFRGS concorda com o perfil de pacientes com ameloblastoma diagnosticado em outras partes do mundo e relatado na literatura diferindo apenas no que se refere a faixa etária no momento do diagnóstico

Análise quantitativa das AgNORs e expressão do Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) em ameloblastomas / Quantitative analysis of AgNORs and expresion of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in ameloblastomas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade proliferativa, através da quantificação das AgNORs, e expressão do Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) em células epiteliais de ameloblastomas. Onze casos de ameloblastomas foram submetidos à técnica de hematoxilina e eosina, para análise morfológica; à técnica de impregnação com prata para quantificação das AgNORs e à marcação com anticorpo anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Os resultados não revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto à quantificação das AgNORs. A expressão do EGFR nas ilhas epiteliais de ameloblastoma não se mostrou uniforme, sendo possível identificar ilhas marcadas e ilhas sem marcação. A localização da marcação também foi variável nas diferentes ilhas epiteliais, sendo a marcação predominante a de citoplasma e raras as de membrana, essas geralmente eram nas ilhas epiteliais de menor tamanho. Concluiu-se que o tumor apresenta um crescimento irregular, com as ilhas de menor tamanho podendo estar associadas a uma maior atividade proliferativa, contribuindo para a infiltração do tumor.