Removal of smoke effects in laparoscopic surgery via adversarial neural network and the dark channel prior.

BACKGROUND: In laparoscopic surgery, image quality can be severely degraded by surgical smoke caused by the use of tissue dissection tools that reduce the visibility of the observed organs and tissues. OBJECTIVE: Improve visibility in laparoscopic surgery by combining image processing techniques based on classical methods and artificial intelligence. METHOD: Development of a hybrid approach to eliminating the effects of surgical smoke, based on the combination of the dark channel prior (DCP) method and a pixel-to-pixel neural network architecture known as a generative adversarial network (GAN). RESULTS: Experimental results have shown that the proposed method achieves better performance than individual DCP and GAN results in terms of restoration quality, obtaining (according to PSNR and SSIM index metrics) better results than some related state-of-the-art methods. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed approach decreases the risks and time of laparoscopic surgery because once the network is trained, the system can improve real-time visibility.

ANTECEDENTES: Durante la cirugía laparoscópica, la calidad de la imagen puede verse gravemente degradada por el humo quirúrgico causado por el uso de herramientas de disección de tejidos que reducen la visibilidad de los órganos y tejidos. OBJETIVO: Mejorar la visibilidad en cirugía laparoscópica mediante la combinación de técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes basadas en técnicas clásicas e inteligencia artificial. MÉTODO: Desarrollo de un enfoque híbrido para la eliminación de los efectos del humo quirúrgico, basado en la combinación del método del principio del canal oscuro (DCP, dark channel prior) y una arquitectura de red neuronal píxel a píxel conocida como red antagónica generativa (GAN, generative adversial network). RESULTADOS: Los resultados experimentales han demostrado que el método propuesto logra un mejor rendimiento que los resultados individuales de DCP y GAN en cuanto a calidad de la restauración, obteniendo (según las métricas de la proporción máxima de señal a ruido [PSNR, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio] y el índice de similitud estructural [SSIM, Structural Similarity Index]) mejores resultados que otros métodos relacionados. CONCLUSIONES: El enfoque propuesto disminuye los riesgos y el tiempo de la cirugía laparoscópica, ya que una vez que la red está correctamente entrenada, el sistema puede mejorar la visibilidad en tiempo real.

Desarrollo de un método analítico para la determinación de selenio en huevos fortificados de gallinas (Isa Brown) por espectroscopia de absorción atómica con generación de hidruros / Development of an analytical method for the determination of selenium in fortified hens eggs (Isa Brown) by atomic absorption spectroscopy hydride generation

El huevo es una fuente proteica de uso masivo, en consideración a su bajo costo, es consumido con mayor frecuencia por toda la población. Por esta razón, es de gran interés introducir al mercado un tipo de huevo "saludable", que disminuya los riesgos ligados a enfermedades cardiovasculares y que actúe como antioxidante. Por ello, se evaluó la incorporación del Selenio Orgánico (Sel-Plex®, Alltech Inc) en el programa de alimentación de gallinas ponedoras comerciales raza isa brown con el objeto de obtener huevos fortificados con selenio. Estos fueron evaluados empleando la técnica de espectroscopia analítica con generación de hidruros (HGAAS) y para llevar a cabo la digestión se empleó una mezcla de HNO3/H2O2. El intervalo lineal fue de 6,0 a 200,0 µg/L para el selenio. Con un límite detección de 0,11 µg/L. La precisión de 0,82% y la recuperación de 97-104,4% y una frecuencia de análisis de 24 muestras/hora. La principal ventaja de este método es la determinación de selenio en huevo completo. Los resultados indican que luego de un período de 12 semanas la concentración de selenio es de 62,45 de mg Selenio/huevo lo que muestra que estos proporcionan los requerimientos necesarios. Por lo tanto los huevos enriquecidos en Venezuela contribuirían a mejorar la dieta diaria de estos consumidores.

The egg is a protein source for mass use, considering its low cost, is most commonly consumed by the population. For this reason, it is of great interest to enter the market a type of egg "healthy" to decrease the risks associated with cardiovascular disease and act as an antioxidant. Therefore, it evaluated the incorporation of organic selenium (Sel-Plex ®, Alltech Inc.) in the feeding program commercial layers “Isa Brown” race in order to obtain eggs fortified with selenium. These were assessed using analytical technique spectroscopy with hydride generation (HGAAS) and to conduct the digestion was used a mixture of HNO3/H2O2. The linear range was from 6.0 to 200.0 mg / L for selenium. With detection limit of 0.11 mg / L 0.82% accuracy and recovery of 97 to 104.4% and a frequency analysis of 24 samples / hour. The main advantage of this method is the determination of selenium in whole egg. The results indicate that after a period of 12 weeks the concentration of selenium is 62.45 Selenium mg / egg showing that these provide the necessary requirements. Therefore enriched eggs in Venezuela would help improve the diet of these consumers.

Evidence supporting the current management guidelines for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology.

OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to provide consensus guidelines for the management of women with a cytologic interpretation of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) on cytologic examination. This review article presents relevant literature supporting the proposed guidelines. PARTICIPANTS: An independent panel of 121 experts in various aspects of the diagnosis and management of cervical cancer precursors, including representatives from 29 participating professional organizations, federal agencies, national and international health organizations, and others were invited by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. CONSENSUS PROCESS: Guidelines for the management of women with HSIL cytologic results were developed through a multistep process. Draft management guidelines were developed by the HSIL working group after formal literature reviews and obtained input from the professional community at large by way of an interactive internet-based bulletin board. At the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Consensus Conference, September 6 through 8, 2001, in Bethesda, Maryland, the guidelines were discussed, revised, and adopted by formal vote. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based guidelines have been developed for the management of women with HSIL cytologic results.

Spring 2003.

OBJECTIVE: The Home Study Course is intended for the practicing colposcopist or practitioner who is seeking to develop or enhance his or her colposcopic skills. The goal of the course is to present colposcopic cases that are unusual or instructive in terms of appearance, presentation, or management or that demonstrate new and important knowledge in the area of colposcopy or pathology. Participants may benefit from reading and studying the material or from testing their knowledge by answering the questions. ACCME ACCREDITATION: The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to sponsor continuing medical education for physicians. The ASCCP designates this continuing medical education activity for 1 hour Category I credit of the Physician's Recognition Award of the American Medical Association. Credit is available for those who choose to apply. The Home Study Course is planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME's Essential Areas and Elements.