Estudo da prevalência de irrupção dos terceiros molares por meio de radiografias panorâmicas digitais / Prevalence of eruption of the third molars using digital panoramic radiographs

Objetivo ­ Identificar a situação cronológica de irrupção dos terceiros molares por meio de radiografias panorâmicas digitais, e correlacioná-la com a faixa etária e a presença ou não do primeiro molar. Métodos ­ Analisou-se a prevalência de irrupção dos terceiros molares superiores e inferiores em radiografias panorâmicas digitais de 1341 pacientes de ambos os gêneros,com faixa etária de 17 a 23 anos, e a presença ou não dos primeiros molares. Resultados ­ Não houve distinção por gênero entre os pacientes. Pacientes entre 17 e 21 anos tiveram maiores possibilidades de irrupção dos terceiros molares e de 21 a 23 anos, a irrupção tornou-se mais rara, ou seja, praticamente nula, descartando-se assim a possibilidade de sua irrupção. A presença ou não dos primeiros molares alteraram os resultados quanto a irrupção dos terceiros molares. Quando ausente o primeiro molar, observou-se um maior índice de irrupção. Conclusões ­ Houve diferença estatística (p>0,0004) na comparação de irrupção dos terceiros molares em relação à presença ou ausência do primeiro molar. A presença do primeiro molar interfere na incidência de irrupção do terceiro molar do mesmo lado. Pacientes, independente da idade, que apresentaram ausência do primeiro molar, apresentaram menores índices de não irrupção do terceiro molar do mesmo lado.

Objective ­ To identify the chronological situation of eruption of third molars and correlates it with the band age and the presence or absence of the first molar. Methods ­ It was analyzed the prevalence of eruption of upper and lower third molars in digital panoramic radiographs 1341 patients aged 17-23 years and the presence or absence of first molars. Results ­ There was no difference by gender among patients. Patients between 17 and 21 years had higher chances of eruption of third molars and 21-23 years, the outbreak is rare or practically zero, thus ruling out the possibility of its emergence, and presence or absence of first molars alter results as the eruption of third molars, where there was a major outbreak index. Conclusions ­ IWas no statistical difference (p> 0.0004) in the third molar eruption of comparison for the presence or absence of the first molar. It presence interfere in the incidence of eruption of third molar on the same side. Patients independently of age, who presented absence of the first molar, had lower rates of non eruption of the third molar on the same side

Protocolo de regressão de parestesia após cirurgia de lateralização de nervo alveolar inferior / Surgical protocol for regression of paresthesia after inferior alveolar nerve lateralization

Objetivo: A cirurgia de lateralização do nervo alveolar inferior é pouco difundida devido ao dano neurossensor denominado pa restesia , causado pelo trauma ao feixe nervoso ocasionado pela manipulação cirúrgica. Este trabalho objetiva descrever um protocolo clínico com finalidade de regressão mais rápida da parestesia em pacientes atendidos no curso de especialização em Implantodontia da Unicastelo submetidos à cirurgia de lateralização do nervo alveolar inferior para a instalação de implantes odontológicos, aumentando a previsibilidade clínica da técnica. Materiais e métodos: neste estudo foi utilizado o aparelho de piezocirurgia para o acesso cirúrgico, soft laser para a bioestimulação e um composto polivitamínico para a regeneração tecidual. Resultados: Com a utilização do protocolo obteve-se uma expressiva redução da parestesia local, com retorno da sensibilidade nervosa em média de 20 dias. Dentro deste estudo, o melhor resultado de recuperação sensitiva foi obtido em oito dias pós-cirurgia, enquanto o mais lento ocorreu após seis meses e 21 dias devido a intercorrência de rompimento do feixe nervoso. Como dado comparativo, há 12 anos os pacientes submetidos à técnica cirúrgica apresentavam um quadro estatístico de retorno sensitivo com dois anos de espera. Conclusões: O protocolo de lateralização do nervo alveolar inferior adotado tem reduzido consideravelmente a incidência de parestesia. A utilização de piezocirurgia, "softlaser" e do composto polivitamínico associados a um bom conhecimento de anatomia e domínio da técnica cirúrgica são determinantes para o êxito do tratamento

Objective: The surgery of the inferior alveolar nerve lateralization has a restricted use because of the neurosensitive damage to the nerve bundle called paresthesia, caused by trauma during manipulation of the nerve for implant insertion. This paper aims to describe a clinical protocol with the purpose of the regression of paresthesia in patients enrolled in the specialization course of Implantology at University Unicastelo undergoing surgery of lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve for dental implant place- ment, increasing the predictability of the clinical technique. Materiais and methods: In this work the piezoelectric device for the surgical approach, soft laser for biostimulation and a multivitamin compound for tissue regeneration were used to obtain a faster recovery of sensation. Results: Using the protocol we obtained a reduction of paresthesia, with consequent return of sensitivity to an average of 20 days, compared 12 years ago when the group began using the technique, where the average incidence of paresthesia was two vears The faster recovery of the area paresthesia in the study group was 8 days and longe r was 6 months and 21 days with the complication of rupture of the nerve bundle. Conclusions: The protocol adopted for inferior alveolar nerve lateralization has considerably reduced the incidence of paresthesia. The use of piezosurgery, softlaser and multivitamin compound associated with a good kno- wledge of anatomy and masterv of surgical technique are essential to the success of treatment

Uma nova proposta de reversão da parestesia em lateralização de nervo alveolar inferior / Piezosurgery associated to laserterapy and vitamin compounds for paresthesia reversal after inferior alveolar nerve lateralization - a case report

A cirurgia de lateralização do nervo alveolar inferior se apresenta como uma alternativa para tratamento de mandíbulas atróficas, mas enfrenta como obstáculo à técnica a incidência da parestesia. Este trabalho objetiva relatar um caso clínico da técnica de lateralização de nervo alveolar inferior com instalação de implantes dentais, associada ao uso de instrumento piezoelétrico, laserterapia e de um composto polivitamínico com regressão da média da duração da parestesia baseado em achados científicos prévios. Esta nova metodologia foi desenvolvida a partir de observação clínica ao longo dos anos que levaram a pesquisas laboratoriais in vitro e in vivo no Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da USP e no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia de Materiais do Ipen-USP, que culminaram em teses de doutoramento e pós-doutoramento, antes de ser aplicadas em clínica, sempre visando uma melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Os resultados clínicos demonstrados no presente trabalho estão de acordo com os achados laboratoriais confirmando as pesquisas e levam a uma nova perspectiva na utilização da técnica e na regressão do dano neurossensor.

Central obestatin administration does not modify either spontaneous or ghrelin-induced food intake in rats.

The isolation of ghrelin unveiled a new system implicated in food intake regulation. The recently isolated hormone obestatin derives from the same precursor of ghrelin and seems to perform opposite actions. It could be part of a dual system connecting gut and brain to regulate energy homeostasis. The ability of intracerebroventricular administration of obestatin to modify food intake was evaluated. Obestatin had no effect on spontaneous food intake in both ad libitum and food restricted rats. The obestatin injection was not able to antagonize the ghrelin-stimulated increase in food intake either. In conclusion, the present work does not support a role for obestatin on the regulation of food intake in any model studied.

Accumulation and transformation of DSP toxins in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis during a toxic episode caused by Dinophysis acuminata.

The time course of several outbreaks of the diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) producer Dinophysis acuminata and the consequent kinetic of accumulation and loss of toxins in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis feeding on them was studied. Samples of mussels and seawater were frequently (2-3 times a week) collected from a raft in the Ri;a de Vigo. DSP toxins content of mussels and water was analyzed by HPLC-FD and phytoplankton was quantified in an inverted light microscope. Only okadaic acid (OA) and some of its conjugated forms (OA CF), estimated by enzymatic hydrolysis, were found in the plankton samples obtained, comprised mainly of D. acuminata cells. The main accumulated form in mussels was OA reaching a maximum of 10.1 microg OA g(-1) in the digestive gland (d.g.) in 16 days, falling below the quarantine level (ca. 2 microg OA g(-1) d.g.) by 45 days. The low polarity conjugated forms (LPCF), estimated by hexane extraction, accounted for 6.2% of the total toxin burden of the mussels. To quantify the rates of the processes involved in the accumulation, transformation and loss of the toxins, two dynamic models, a one-compartment and a two-compartment, including OA and its conjugated forms as variables were designed and implemented. The one-compartment model provided a good fit to the OA and LPCF actual data (r(2)=0.92 and r(2)=0.94, respectively). The two-compartment model did not fit the data markedly better than its one-compartment counterpart (r(2)=0.93 and r(2)=0.95, for OA and LPCF, respectively). High hydrolysis rates were estimated for most of the OA CF, which means that these forms came largely from the ingested plankton. The low estimated acylation rates support the previous point and suggest that the formation of LPCF by direct acylation of the OA is of little importance in M. galloprovincialis. Only in cases where the intoxication period is very long, can the formed acyl-derivatives be important, because they seem to accumulate for a long time in the mussels, as suggested by the low hydrolysis and depuration rates estimated from model fitting.

The Suzuki coupling reaction in the stereocontrolled synthesis of 9-cis-retinoic acid and its ring-demethylated analogues.

The thallium-accelerated Suzuki coupling reaction of tetraenyl iodide 19 and cyclohexenyl boronate 18 afforded ethyl 9-cis-retinoate (12) in high yield. Both coupling partners of the Suzuki reaction are better reacted immediately after generation from their precursors, tetraenylstannane 10 and cyclohexenyl iodide 13. The geometrically homogeneous tetraenylstannane 10, comprising the polyenic side chain of ethyl 9-cis-retinoate and its ring-demethylated analogues, was synthesized by a stereoselective Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. On the other hand, easily available cyclohexanones are ideal starting materials for preparation of the cyclohexenyl boronates required for the synthesis of the ring-modified 9-cis-retinoic acid analogues. For hindered cyclohexanones, hydrazones were converted to cyclohexenyl iodides. Iodine-lithium exchange and trapping with B(OMe)(3) then afforded the cyclohexenyl boronates. If the precursor cyclohexanone has secondary carbons, the alkenyllithium species was conveniently formed by elimination of the C,N-dilithiated intermediate obtained upon treating the trisylhydrazone with n-BuLi (Shapiro reaction). None of the above procedures allowed the generation of the more substituted organolithium from 2-methylcyclohexanone. However, the alternative Stille cross-coupling of 34 and 10 afforded 9-cis-1,1-bisdemethylretinoic acid 7. Both Suzuki and Stille coupling reactions took place under mild conditions, and the preservation of the retinoid side-chain geometry was therefore secured.

Stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-s-cis- and 6-s-trans-locked 9Z-retinoids by hydroxyl-accelerated Stille coupling of (Z)-tri-n-butylstannylbut-2-en-1-ol and bicyclic dienyl triflates.

Analogues of 9-cis-retinoic acid with locked 6-s-cis and 6-s-trans conformations have been stereoselectively synthesized using a Stille coupling reaction between bicyclic dienyl triflates (5and 6, respectively) and (Z)-tributylstannylbut-2-en-1-ol (7) to stablish the Z geometry of the polyenic side chain. The mild conditions (25 degrees C, 30 min) of this coupling stand in contrast to the reluctance of the isomeric (E)-tributylstannylbut-2-en-1-ol (18) to react with triflates 5/6. The significant rate differences experimentally observed in Stille reactions between isomeric (Z)- and (E)-tri-n-butylstannylalkenols in favor of the former isomer, even with highly hindered alkenyl triflates, is ascribed to internal coordination of palladium to the heteroatom in the presumably rate-limiting transmetalation step. Dienals and trienals with an E geometry, which are not efficiently available by direct coupling of the corresponding triflates and E-stannanes, can in turn be obtained by isomerization of their Z-isomers.