ABSTRACT
Babaco (Vasconcellea x heilbornii), a fruit-bearing vegetatively propagated crop native to Ecuador, is appreciated for its distinctive flavor and nutritional properties. The aim of this research was to determine a functional protocol for tissue culture propagation of virus-free babaco plants including in vitro establishment, multiplication, rooting, and acclimation. First, symptomless babaco plants from a single commercial nursery were analyzed for virus detection and cared for using different disinfection treatments in the greenhouse to reduce contamination during the in vitro establishing step, and three cytokinins, 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino) purine (2IP), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), and Thidiazuron (TDZ), were used to determine the best hormone for multiplication. The best treatment for plant disinfection was the weekly application of copper sulfate at the greenhouse and a laboratory disinfection using ethanol (EtOH) (70%), Clorox (2%), and a solution of povidone iodine (2.5%), with an 80% survival during in vitro plant establishment. TDZ showed a better multiplication rate when compared with other hormones, and 70% of the rooted plants were successfully acclimated at the greenhouse. Generated plants were virus-free when tested against babaco mosaic virus (BabMV) and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), two of the most important viruses that can affect babaco. An efficient protocol to produce virus-free babaco plants was elaborated with an integrated use of viral diagnostic tools to ensure the production of healthy start material to farmers.
ABSTRACT
Antecedentes: actualmente existe un creciente interés en investigar métodos que logren disminuir el dolor muscular de inicio retardado. Se ha postulado que antioxidantes como las vitaminas C y E pueden atenuarlo. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de vitamina E en la atenuación del dolor muscular de inicio retardado. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline, Registro Central Cochrane, Scopus, SportDiscus y SciELO, utilizando los términos: "vitamin e supplementation", "muscle damage" y "delayed onset muscle soreness". Resultados: se revisaron estudios en diversos grupos poblacionales, con diferentes métodos de evaluación y diversas dosis de vitamina E. Los resultados obtenidos fueron controversiales, en algunos casos se demostró un efecto atenuante del dolor muscular de inicio retardado y en otros casos no. Conclusiones: la vitamina E produce una disminución del estrés oxidativo y estabilización el sarcolema; no obstante, faltan pruebas concluyentes para afirmar que la vitamina E tenga el efecto de generar mejoras en los biomarcadores asociados al dolor muscular de inicio retardado.
Background: Currently, there is a growing interest in investigating methods that reduce delayed onset muscle pain. It has been postulated that antioxidants such as vitamin C and E can attenuate it. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin E in mitigating delayed onset muscle pain. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: Medline, Registry Central Cochrane, Scopus, SportDiscus and SciELO, using the terms: "vitamin e supplementation", "muscle damage" and "delayed onset muscle soreness". Results: Studies in diverse population groups were reviewed, with various evaluation methods and differing doses of vitamin E. The results were very controversial, in some cases a delayed onset pain effect was demonstrated and in other cases not. Conclusion: Vitamin E produces a decrease in oxidative stress and stabilization of sarcolemma, however, conclusive evidence is lacking to state that vitamin E will have the effect of generating improvements in biomarkers associated with delayed onset muscle pain.
Subject(s)
Mediation AnalysisABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los cultivos agrícolas pertenecientes al grupo Beta vulgaris L. actualmente se utilizan en la agroindustria para producción de azúcar, agentes colorantes, consumo fresco y otros sub productos. La betarraga (beta vulgaris L) es una hortaliza con gran cantidad de carbohidratos, potasio y sales de nitrato. El foco de esta revisión se centró en demostrar la influencia de los compuestos bioactivos de betarraga (Beta vulgaris L) sobre el efecto cardio-protector. Se analizaron estudios genéricos y específicos de betarraga. Ellos mostraron que el contenido total de polifenoles en betarraga varia de 218.00 mg.kg-1 a 887.75 mg.kg-1; el contenido total de antocianinas varía de 14.48 ± 0.40 mg.kg-1 a 84.50 ± 4.71 mg.kg-1; los valores de actividad antioxidante variaron en el intervalo de 8.37 ± 0.29% a 21.83 ± 0.35% y el contenido de sales de nitrato se estima en 1800 mg NO3-/kg de masa fresca. Al consumo de betarraga se le atribuyen efectos sobre la salud, entre ellos cardio-protectores y quimioterapéuticos relacionados con los polifenoles, antocianinas, sales de nitrato.
ABSTRACT The agricultural crops that belong to the group Beta vulgaris L are currently used in agroindustry to produce sugar, coloring agents, other sub products and for fresh consumption. Beetroot (beta vulgaris L) is a vegetable with a large amount of carbohydrates, potassium and nitrate salts. The focus of this review was to demonstrate the influence of the bioactive compounds of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L) on the cardioprotective effect. We analyzed generic and specific studies of beetroot. They showed that the total content of polyphenols in beetroot varied from 218.00 mg.kg-1 to 887.75 mg.kg-1; the total content of anthocyanins varied from 14.48 ± 0.40 mg.kg-1 to 84.50 ± 4.71 mg.kg-1; the value of antioxidant activity varied in range from 8.37 ± 0.29% to 21.83 ± 0.35%; and the content of nitrate salts was estimated at 1800 mg NO3-/kg of fresh mass. thus, the intake of beetroot is attributed to health effects including caridioprotectors and chemotherapeutic related to polyphenols, anthocyanins, nitrate salts.
