ABSTRACT
Introducción: La escala de discapacidades del brazo, el hombro y la mano se utiliza para evaluar los miembros superiores como unidad funcional. Este instrumento se encuentra certificado en diferentes idiomas y permite el estudio de diversas patologías especialmente osteomusculares. Objetivo: Consolidar procesos de validación realizados a la escala DASH en idioma español. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Clinical Key, SciELO, Science Direct, Epistemonikos y Google. Se incluyeron los artículos publicados hasta el 31 de agosto de 2020 sin restringir la fecha de inicio. Desarrollo: En la revisión se incluyeron un total de siete estudios, seis de ellos validaron la versión completa de la escala DASH y uno la versión corta, a partir de los siguientes tipos de validación: contenido, de criterio, de constructo, longitudinal y convergente. Fue utilizada en pacientes con manejo quirúrgico, población con cáncer de mama, patologías osteomusculares y pacientes sanos. Esta escala permite evaluar la evolución y efectividad del tratamiento para determinar el impacto de la enfermedad sobre las estructuras y la función del miembro superior. Conclusión: Se recomienda el uso de la escala DASH para evaluar los miembros superiores porque ha evidenciado buenos resultados de validez y fiabilidad; además es un instrumento útil y de bajo costo que permite su implementación en países con escasos recursos o poca inversión en el sistema de salud.
Introduction: The scale of disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand is used to evaluate the upper limbs as a functional unit. This instrument is certified in different languages and allows the study of various pathologies, especially musculoskeletal diseases. Objective: To consolidate validation processes implemented to the DASH scale in Spanish. Methods: A literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Clinical Key, SciELO, Science Direct, Epistemonikos and Google. Articles published up to 31 August 2020 were included without restricting the start date. Development: A total of seven studies were included in the review, six of them validated the full version of the DASH scale and one the short version, based on the following types of validation: content, criterion, construct, longitudinal and convergent. It was used in patients with surgical management, population with breast cancer, musculoskeletal pathologies and healthy patients. This scale allows evaluating the evolution and effectiveness of the treatment to determine the impact of the disease on the structures and function of the upper limb. Conclusion: The use of the DASH scale is recommended to evaluate the upper limbs because it has shown good results of validity and reliability. It is also a useful and low-cost instrument that allows its implementation in countries with scarce resources or little investment in the health system.
ABSTRACT
La mejor alimentación para un recién nacido es la leche de su propia madre. En aquellos casos en los que esta no está disponible, especialmente en los recién nacidos muy prematuros o de muy bajo peso al nacer, así como en otros recién nacidos enfermos, el alimento de elección es la leche materna de donantes seleccionadas, antes que la fórmula artificial. Esta indicación está respaldada por los máximos organismos internacionales dedicados a la salud de la población infantil, como la Organización Mundial de la Salud, así como las principales sociedades científicas nacionales e internacionales en el ámbito de la Pediatría. Los bancos de leche surgen como instituciones sanitarias responsables de la gestión de las donaciones, del procesamiento y de la distribución de leche materna donada. Actualmente existen 14 bancos de leche materna en España, agrupados en la Asociación Española de Bancos de Leche Humana, creada en septiembre de 2008. Con el fin de homogeneizar los criterios y unificar los métodos de trabajo, la Asociación Española de Bancos de Leche Humana ha elaborado unos estándares para armonizar los protocolos de los diferentes bancos y para que sirvan de guía para la puesta en marcha de nuevos bancos de leche en el territorio español. Dichos estándares, presentados en este artículo, abarcan desde el proceso de selección y evaluación de la donante hasta la recogida, el procesamiento, el almacenamiento y la distribución de leche materna de donante
It is widely agreed that the best source of nutrition for the newborn is the milk of their own mothers. In those cases where it is not available, especially in very premature and/or very low birth weight infants, as well as other sick newborns, the preferred choice before formula is the human milk provided by selected donors. This indication is supported by the highest international bodies dedicated to the health of the child population, including the World Health Organisation as well as the main national and international scientific societies in the field of Paediatrics. Milk banks are health institutions responsible for the collection, processing and distribution of donated human milk. Currently, there are 14 human milk banks operating in Spain, grouped in the Spanish Association of Human Milk Banks, created in September 2008. In order to homogenise the criteria and to unify the working methods of the different milk banks, the Spanish Association of Human Milk Banks has developed standards to harmonise the protocols, and to serve as a guide for the start-up of new milk banks in the Spanish territory. These standards, set out in the present article, range from the donor selection and the evaluation process to the collection, processing, storage, and distribution of donor human milk
Subject(s)
Humans , Milk Banks/organization & administration , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing , Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight , Infant, PrematureABSTRACT
It is widely agreed that the best source of nutrition for the newborn is the milk of their own mothers. In those cases where it is not available, especially in very premature and/or very low birth weight infants, as well as other sick newborns, the preferred choice before formula is the human milk provided by selected donors. This indication is supported by the highest international bodies dedicated to the health of the child population, including the World Health Organisation as well as the main national and international scientific societies in the field of Paediatrics. Milk banks are health institutions responsible for the collection, processing and distribution of donated human milk. Currently, there are 14 human milk banks operating in Spain, grouped in the Spanish Association of Human Milk Banks, created in September 2008. In order to homogenise the criteria and to unify the working methods of the different milk banks, the Spanish Association of Human Milk Banks has developed standards to harmonise the protocols, and to serve as a guide for the start-up of new milk banks in the Spanish territory. These standards, set out in the present article, range from the donor selection and the evaluation process to the collection, processing, storage, and distribution of donor human milk.
Subject(s)
Milk Banks/organization & administration , Humans , SpainABSTRACT
There is controversy about fish-oil supplementation and oxidative damage. This ambiguity should be explored to elucidate its role as modulator of oxidative stress, especially during gestation and postnatal life. This is the objective of this study. One hundred ten pregnant women were divided in two groups: control group CT (400 mL/day of the control dairy drink); supplemented group FO (400 mL/day of the fish oil-enriched dairy drink (±400-mg EPA-DHA/day)). Different biomarkers of oxidative damage were determined in the mother's at enrolment, at delivery and at 2.5 and 4 months postpartum and newborns at delivery and at 2.5 months postpartum. Omega-3 LC-PUFA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation decreased plasma hydroperoxides especially in newborn at delivery (P = 0.001) and 2.5 months (P = 0.006), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in mothers at delivery (P = 0.024 (SOD)) and after 2.5 months (P = 0.040 (CAT)) and in newborns at 2.5 months (P = 0.035 (SOD); P = 0.021 (CAT)). Also, supplementation increased α-tocoferol in mothers at 2.5 months (P = 0.030) and in umbilical cord artery (P = 0.039). Higher levels of CoQ10 were found in mothers at delivery (P = 0.039) as well as in umbilical cord vein (P = 0.024) and artery (P = 0.036). Our supplementation prevents the oxidative stress in the mother and neonate during the first months of postnatal life, being a potential preventive nutritional strategy to prevent functional alterations associated with oxidative stress that have an important repercussion for the neonate development in the early postnatal life.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage , Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Double-Blind Method , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/blood , Female , Fetal Blood/chemistry , Fish Oils/administration & dosage , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Lactation , Male , Pregnancy , Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives , Ubiquinone/blood , alpha-Tocopherol/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether a dairy drink enriched with ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) could have an impact on the lipid profile of the mother and the newborn, and also whether this intervention could affect the newborns' visual and cognitive development. METHODS: A total of 110 pregnant women were randomly assigned to one of the following intervention groups: control group (nâ=â54), taking 400 mL/day of the control dairy drink, and supplemented group (fish oil [FO]) (nâ=â56), taking 400 mL/day of the fish oil-enriched dairy drink (including â¼400 mg eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]/day). During the study, the mothers' diets were supervised by a nutritionist to encourage compliance with present recommendations of FA intake. Blood fatty acid profiles were determined in the mother's (at enrollment, at delivery, and at 2.5 and 4 months) and newborn (at delivery and at 2.5 months) placenta and breast milk (colostrum and at 1, 2, and 4 months). Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) (at 2.5 and 7.5 months) and Bayley test (at 12 months) were recorded. RESULTS: DHA percentage was higher in plasma, erythrocyte membranes, and breast milk samples from the FO group. The ratio of nervonic acid was also higher in plasma and erythrocyte lipids of the mother and newborn's blood samples from the FO group. No differences were observed in the Bayley test. No differences were observed in VEPs between both groups. We observed a shorter latency, however, in the lower visual angle (7.5') in the boys of the supplemented group. CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 LC-PUFA dietary supplement during pregnancy and lactation influenced the mother and newborn's fatty acid profile and nervonic acid content but did not show effects on visual and cognitive/psychomotor development.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use , Fetal Development , Food, Fortified , Lactation , Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Neurogenesis , Beverages , Cognition Disorders/blood , Cognition Disorders/metabolism , Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Colostrum/chemistry , Dairy Products , Double-Blind Method , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Fatty Acids/analysis , Fatty Acids/blood , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/analysis , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/metabolism , Female , Fish Oils/administration & dosage , Fish Oils/metabolism , Fish Oils/therapeutic use , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Milk, Human/chemistry , Placenta/metabolism , Pregnancy , Vision Disorders/blood , Vision Disorders/metabolism , Vision Disorders/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Se presentan las primeras imágenes clínicas obtenidas mediante un sistema tomográfico densitométrico que registra las radiaciones de una fuente lineal de 99mTc que se dispersan a 90- en los tejidos del paciente. Las imágenes muestran un evidente efecto tomográfico y un contraste satisfactorio entre las estructuras del hemitorax más cercano a la fuente radiactiva. Estos efectos tienden a disminuir en el hemitórax contrelateral. No obstante estos defectos, las tomografías resultantes ofrecieron información importante para el diagnóstico diferencial de los defectos de perfusión evidentes en la centelleografía pulmonar con macroagregados de albúmina marcada con 99mTc. La densidad pulmonar fué normal y homogénea en una voluntaria sana y en un paciente con embolias pulmonares y demostró una masa de mayor densidad que la pulmonar en un paciente con un tumor en el pulmón derecho, el cual era evidente como un defecto de perfusión en el centelleograma pulmonar convencional y como una sombra en la centelleografía por transmisión de los rayos gamma de una fuente radiactiva extendida
