[Changes in iron levels in non-anemic women 18-58 years of age]. / Cambios en la reserva de hierro en mujeres no anémicas entre los 18 y 58 años de edad.

The objective was to describe changes in serum ferritin (SF) in women residents in Mexico City. We evaluated prospectively, three groups of non-anemic, non-pregnant women (< 20, 21-40 y 40-58 years old). Sociodemographic variables, hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte index and SF values were registered. We included 252 women in the study. There were no differences in Hb values (15.0, 14.6 and 14.7 g/dL) or erythrocyte index between the three groups of women. We found significative differences (p < 0.001) in mean values of (32 and 34 micrograms/L), for group 1 and 2, with group 3 (SF 54 micrograms/L). In global sample, we observed low SF store, a normal or higher in 76 cases (30.2%), 163 (64.6%) and 13 cases (5.2%), respectively. The women with SF lower than 20 micrograms/L were in proportion 0.54, 0.32 and 0.16. Elevated values in SF were found in a proportion 0.04, 0.18 and 0.13, for groups 1, 2 and 3, with significative differences (p < 0.001). We observed that non-anemic women in Mexico City, showed increase in SF concentrations beginning at 41 years of age, without any major variation in their erythocyte indexes. The prevalence in moderate-severe iron deficiency between 18 to 40 years of years, decreasing progressively.

[Changes in the thrombophilic status in patients with pre-eclampsia]. / Cambios en el estado trombofílico en pacientes con preeclampsia.

The object of this study was to evaluate the changes in fibrinolysis and clotting inhibitors in patients with preeclampsia and to describe the connection between preeclampsia and blood pressure values. Two groups of pregnant women were prospectively studied at delivery: group 1 women without preeclampsia and group 2 patients with preeclampsia. The variables that were registered are: diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (Plt), lupus like inhibitor, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), fibronectina, D dimer, protein S (PS), protein C (PC) and vo Willebrand factor (vWF). 62 pregnant women were included. The patients of group 2 presented high values of Hb (p 0.01), fibronectin (p 0.0001), D-dimer (p 0.01) and lower PC (p 0.04). We found an association between fibronectin and higher values of SBP, DBP, MBP and Hb (p 0.0007) versus lower values of VFW and PC (p 0.002). The low values of total PS were associated with high D-dimer and SBP results (p 0.04 and 0.002 respectively). All patients were ACA/ANA negative. In preclampsia there is a increased hemoconcentration and drop in clotting inhibitors (PC), without fibrinolytic compensatory response (lower D-dimer) and remarked vasopressive effect (hig fibronectin). This changes depend on the stratification of blood pressure. Th SBP and MBP values depend on the haemodynamic changes (Hb, fibronectin), while the increase in DBP expresses a non compensated thrombophilic state.

[Iron storage in infants at 2 and 8 months of age]. / Estudios de la reserva de hierro en el lactante menor a los dos y ocho meses de edad.

For to establish the probability of the early identification of the iron deficient in the infant, we evaluate the correlation between the serum ferritin (SF) values at two and eight months of age. It included 57 infants, 30 cases with SF higher than 20 ng/mL (group I), eight cases with SF between 12-20 ng/mL (group II) and 19 infants with SF lower of 12 ng/mL (group III); the addition of two late groups result in 27 cases with SF lower of 20 ng/mL (group IV). None cases had SF lower 20 ng/mL at two months of age. The correlation between SF values and hemoglobin (Hb) at two and eight months of age, the Hb of the infants deficients had better correlation (0.602 P = 0.006). The SF not had statistic correlation. For to establish if the groups had the same values of SF and Hb at two months on age, the SF values were in the group III vs group I were 154.1 and 274.6 ng/mL (P = 0.004) respectively. This data indicate that the infants that development severe iron deficiency to eight months of age, may predict this quantify the SF at two months of age.

[Usefulness of erythrocyte indices in the study of iron storage in infants]. / Utilidad de los índices eritrocitarios en el estudio de la reserva de hierro del lactante menor.

For establishment correlation between erythrocyte indices and serum ferritin (SF), to identify infants at eighth months of age, with iron normal corporal stores, were studied 112 infants; 40 cases had severe deficient iron stores (SF < 12 ng/mL), 17 cases with "moderate" deficient iron stores (SF 12-20 ng/mL) and 55 infants with normal iron stores. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was altered in the 40.1%, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 29.5% and hemoglobin (Hb) 6.2%. In severe deficient iron stores, the MCH, with abnormal values had minor specificity (0.62), that MCV (0.88). With a SF < 20 ng/mL, specificity of the MCV was 0.92. Simultaneous alteration on MCH and MCV had similar specificity (0.92) and predictive positive values. With abnormal values of CMH + MCV or MCV alone, were established high probability for identify infants with normal iron stores.

[Maxillofacial anthropometry tables in healthy newborns]. / Tablas de antropometría maxilofacial en recién nacidos sanos.

With the purpose of having parameters which can be useful to evaluate the maxillofacial anthropometric characteristics at birth, we present the results of maxillofacial anthropometric measurements of 22 items in 373 healthy eutrophic newborns of both sexes delivered at the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City. Minor alterations of facial structures may indicate the presence of a dysmorphological syndrome such as: wide nasal bridge and wide intercantal distance. This study did not show big increments in the different anthropometric measurements from one week of gestation to the next, except for the bizygomatic and intercommissural measurements.

[Percentile curves of growth in macrosomic newborn infants in their first 2 years of life]. / Curvas percentilares de crecimiento en recién nacidos macrosómicos en sus 2 primeros años de vida.

Between February 1989 to August 1991, 184 macrosomic newborns were somatometrically evaluated during their first 12 hours of age (weight above 4000 g and height above 52 cm). They have a longitudinal follow-up at the Growth Clinic, of the National Institute of Perinatology, in Mexico City, during their first two years of age. All the infants without exception were feeding only with breast milk or protein modificative milk. The ablactation were since the four months of age with the same nutritional pattern. The macrosomic newborn maintain a higher velocity of growth, as a logarithmic kind, at the first two years of age with early cephalotoracic inversion, with maintenance of a big corporal pattern. We conclude that is useful to count with specific growth curves for macrosomic infants since their speed and rhythm of growth are different than for the adequate birth and low birth weight infants and even the macrosomic children of diabetic mother.

[Growth curves for premature infants during the 1st year of life]. / Curvas de crecimiento del neonato pretérmino durante el primer año de vida.

A 107 newborn premature children were anthropometrically evaluated during the first 12 months of their lives at the Growth Clinic of the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City. The study was longitudinal and included variables such as weight, height, cephalic, thoracic, abdominal and bronchial perimeters. The data are show in percentiles of 10, 50 and 90 for each variable. A symmetrical logarithmic behavior throughout the entire curve was seen with each of the six indicators evaluated, whose greatest percentage increase within the growth rate was generally seen during the first semester, decreasing during the second. It was seen that once the child reaches one, the premature infant reaches the full-term child (50 percentile) in weight, height and cephalic perimeter. In addition, the average speed of growth was four times greater for weight, two times greater for height and similar for the cephalic perimeter of the premature child with respect to the full-term infant. We conclude that it is useful to count on specific growth curves for premature children since their speed and rhythm of growth are different than for the full-term child during the first year of life.

[Anthropometry at birth of the child of a mother with a change in glucose metabolism]. / Antropometría al nacimiento del hijo de madre con alteración en el metabolismo de la glucosa.

The study compares 156 newborns whose mothers had an endocrinological diagnosis of various glucose metabolism disorders, and a control group of 42 newborn whose mothers had no glucose metabolism disorder. The entire sample including the control group had 98 males and 100 females. The study group with 156 newborns was divided into 4 groups, depending on the degree of the mother's disorder. In group 1, the baby's mothers suffered diabetes mellitus type 1; group 2, diabetes type 2; group 3, gestational diabetes; and group 4, pregnancy disorders of glucose. We observed that there were no differences among the groups in the weight/height ratio. Nevertheless there was great variability in the correlation between height and weight among the study groups. Multiplex box and whisker plots conform that intergroup dispersions in the weight height ratio was greater for the experimental group than for the control group. The pattern results was similar for the weight-head circumference ratio. We concluded that adequate control of glucose metabolism disorder during pregnancy results in product with normal growth indices.

[The evolutionary anthropometric profile of the child of a mother with a change in glucose metabolism]. / Perfil antropométrico evolutivo del hijo de madre con alteración en el metabolismo de la glucosa.

There is not sufficient information about the follow up of children belonging to mothers with some degree of glucose metabolism disorder. At The National Institute of Perinatology were studied 151 newborn. The babies were divided into four groups. The group 1 consisting of babies born from mothers with diabetes mellitus type I; group 2 of babies born from mothers with diabetes mellitus type II; group 3 including babies from mother with gestational diabetes and group 4 babies from mothers who presented alteration in glucose metabolism during pregnancy. After the evaluation of the somatic indicator we found an harmonic behavior in group 3 in weight, height and head circumference again. The most important finding was the low correlation in anthropometry at birth and one year of age. Finally we conclude that a strict control on the follow-up of the somatic growth of children, must be achieved because the hypertrophy during the first year of age depends on sociocultural and economic patterns.