Recommended Therapeutic INR Range for Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome on Warfarin Anticoagulation: Is Moderate-Intensity (INR 2.0 - 3.0) or High-Intensity (INR 3.1 - 4.0) Better for Reducing Risk of Recurrent Thromboembolic Events?

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are at increased risk of recurrent thromboembolic events due to the pathology of the disease. While prolonged anticoagulation is the treatment of choice for patients with thrombosis, much debate remains about the optimum intensity of anticoagulation. Anticoagulation with warfarin has been shown to decrease rates of thrombosis recurrence, but definitive evidence regarding targeted therapy to an INR of moderate (2.0 - 3.0) or high (3.1 - 4.0) intensity is lacking.