ABSTRACT
The properties of biological-chemical chitosan (BCh) films from marine-industrial waste and a non-conventional Ramon starch (RS) (Brosimum alicastrum) were investigated. Blended films of BCh/RS were prepared to a volume ratio of 4:1 and 1:4, named (BChRS-80+q, biological-chemical chitosan 80% v/v and Ramon starch, BChRS-20+q, biological-chemical chitosan 20% v/v and Ramon starch, both with quercetin), Films from commercial chitosan (CCh) and corn starch (CS), alone or blended (CChCS-80+q, commercial chitosan 80% v/v and corn starch, CChCS-20+q commercial chitosan 20% v/v and corn starch, both with quercetin) were also prepared for comparison purposes. Films were investigated for their physicochemical characteristics such as thickness, moisture, swelling, water-vapor permeability, and water solubility. In addition, their mechanical and structural properties were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as radical scavenging, and antimicrobial effect was also determined. The BCh and RS films presented similar tensile strength values compared with commercial biopolymers. Only films with chitosan presented antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The FTIR spectra confirmed the interactions between functional groups of the biopolymers. Although, BChRS-80+q and BChRS-20+q films exhibited poor mechanical performance compared to their commercial counterparts, they showed good thermal stability, and improved antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in the presence of quercetin. BChRS-80+q and BChRS-20+q films have promising applications due to their biological activity and mechanical properties, based on a novel material that has been underutilized (Ramon starch) that does not compete with materials for human feeding and may be used as a coating for food products.
ABSTRACT
Agro-industrial waste valorization is an attractive approach that offers new alternatives to deal with shrinkage and residue problems. One of these approaches is the synthesis of advanced carbon materials. Current research has shown that citrus waste, mainly orange peel, can be a precursor for the synthesis of high-quality carbon materials for chemical adsorption and energy storage applications. A recent approach to the utilization of advanced carbon materials based on lignocellulosic biomass is their use in solar absorber coatings for solar-thermal applications. This study focused on the production of biochar from Citrus aurantium orange peel by a pyrolysis process at different temperatures. Biochars were characterized by SEM, elemental analysis, TGA-DSC, FTIR, DRX, Raman, and XPS spectroscopies. Optical properties such as diffuse reflectance in the UV-VIS-NIR region was also determined. Physical-chemical characterization revealed that the pyrolysis temperature had a negative effect in yield of biochars, whereas biochars with a higher carbon content, aromaticity, thermal stability, and structural order were produced as the temperature increased. Diffuse reflectance measurements revealed that it is possible to reduce the reflectance of the material by controlling its pyrolysis temperature, producing a material with physicochemical and optical properties that could be attractive for use as a pigment in solar absorber coatings.
