ABSTRACT
The Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is still practiced in many countries and mainly performed for traditional reasons. In this study, the relationship of the FGM type (type I and type III) with anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder as well as the attitude toward FGM was analyzed. For this purpose the data of N=109 of FGM type I and III affected women from Ethiopia were collected. Analyses show moderation effects. It was found that the symptoms of depression and PTSD were less pronounced with a positive attitude towards the FGM in the sample of severely mutilated women (type III). It seems that the attitude toward FGM plays a major role in enhancing social recognition of those affected, thus better coping can take place. As well, this study shows the importance of the attitude of FGM tradition in the population to protect young girls prone for FGM.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Circumcision, Female/psychology , Developing Countries , Adolescent , Adult , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Child , Child, Preschool , Circumcision, Female/classification , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Ethiopia , Female , Humans , Protective Factors , Risk Factors , Social Stigma , Somalia , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
AIM: The purpose of this article is an analysis of the association between resilience, age and gender with psychological distress through anxiety and depression. METHODS: In a sample of 3784 individuals, the association of resilience with anxiety and depression was examined using a linear regression model. In addition to resilience, age and gender as well as the combination of these factors and their effects on resilience were analyzed. RESULTS: Low resilience predicts both anxiety and depression. Gender moderates this association. In male persons a stronger association between resilience and depression was found. CONCLUSION: In practice, these results should be considered in treatment.
