ABSTRACT
A series of 4-bicyclic heteroaryl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline inhibitors of the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT) was discovered. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these triple reuptake inhibitors (TRIs) will be discussed. Compound 10i (AMR-2), a very potent inhibitor of SERT, NET, and DAT, showed efficacy in the rat forced-swim and mouse tail suspension models with minimum effective doses of 0.3 and 1 mg/kg (po), respectively. At efficacious doses in these assays, 10i exhibited substantial occupancy levels at the three transporters in both rat and mouse brain. The study of the metabolism of 10i revealed the formation of a significant active metabolite, compound 13.
ABSTRACT
Novel 4-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinolines that inhibit both dopamine and norepinephrine transporters were designed and prepared. In this Letter, we describe the synthesis, in vitro activity and associated structure-activity relationships of this series. We also report the ex vivo NET occupancy of a representative compound, 41.
Subject(s)
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry , Tetrahydroisoquinolines/chemistry , Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/metabolism , Kinetics , Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism , Protein Binding , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry , Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/chemistry , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/metabolism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tetrahydroisoquinolines/chemical synthesis , Tetrahydroisoquinolines/metabolismABSTRACT
We describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of benzimidazoles as benzamide replacements within a series of trisubstituted cyclohexane CCR2 antagonists. 7-Trifluoromethylbenzimidazoles displayed potent binding and functional antagonism of CCR2 while being selective over CCR3. These benzimidazoles were also incorporated into lactam-containing antagonists, thus completely eliminating the customary bis-amide.
Subject(s)
Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Cyclohexanes/chemistry , Receptors, CCR2/antagonists & inhibitors , Benzimidazoles/chemical synthesis , Benzimidazoles/chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Design , Humans , Microsomes/drug effects , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The CRF antagonist pharmacophore is a heterocyclic ring bearing a critical hydrogen-bond acceptor nitrogen and an orthogonal aromatic ring. CRFR1 antagonists have shown a 40-fold and 200-fold loss in potency against the CRFR1 H199V and M276I mutant receptors, suggesting key interactions with these residues. We have derived a two component computational model that correlates CRFR1 binding affinity within the reported series to antagoinst/H199 complexation energy and M276 hydrophobic contacts.
Subject(s)
Models, Molecular , Pteridines/chemical synthesis , Pyridazines/chemical synthesis , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Choroid Plexus/metabolism , Frontal Lobe/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Pteridines/chemistry , Pteridines/pharmacology , Pyridazines/chemistry , Pyridazines/pharmacology , Radioligand Assay , Rats , Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism , SwineABSTRACT
Novel glyoxylate- and glyoxamide-derived metalloporphyrins 26-58 were synthesized and evaluated as potential superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics. Relative to previously studied MnTBAP analogues, the glyoxylate-derived metalloporphyrins 32, 39, and 54 and glyoxamide-derived metalloporphyrin 49, exhibited enhanced activity in the SOD assay and the majority of the analogues in the current series showed enhanced inhibition of lipid peroxidation and catalase activity.
