ABSTRACT
Rectal prolapse, characterized by the protrusion of rectal mucosa or full-thickness tissue through the anal canal, significantly impacts quality of life, necessitating prompt intervention upon diagnosis. This case report presents the management of rectal prolapse in two cases admitted to our institution presenting with complaints of a prolapsing anal mass and many associated comorbidities and their subsequent surgical management using the Thiersch procedure. Following the procedure, both patients were monitored postoperatively, discharged once vitally stable, and kept on regular follow-up. Surgery is the primary therapy for rectal prolapse, and while various surgical techniques address rectal prolapse, anal encirclement procedures like the Thiersch procedure have been largely replaced by newer abdominal or perineal approaches. However, it is a valuable option for select patient populations. The Thiersch procedure is an ideal modality for treating high-risk patients with rectal prolapse or those patients with poor compliance for more extensive procedures. It can also be used temporarily until a further definitive treatment is planned later in the future.
ABSTRACT
The gonadal veins, responsible for draining from the paired gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females), exhibit variations in anatomy. Traditionally, the right gonadal vein directs its drainage into the inferior vena cava, while the left gonadal vein typically connects to the left renal vein. However, in the case of a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with a non-functional right kidney who underwent a right nephrectomy, an intraoperative observation revealed an unusual configuration: the right gonadal vein (ovarian) was found to drain directly into the right renal vein instead of its usual route into the inferior vena cava. This case report aims to elucidate this anomalous finding and provide a literature review on the prevalence of such anomalies in the existing research. This case report aims to raise awareness about the atypical drainage patterns of gonadal veins and underscore the importance of meticulous dissection of hilar renal vessels.
ABSTRACT
A rare occurrence in HIV-infected individuals is the development of diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic syndrome (DILS), which is marked by a widespread infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes in body tissues, persistent elevation of CD8+ lymphocyte levels, as well as bilateral parotid swellings and cervical lymphadenopathy. It is distinct due to its suspected autoimmune origin and is found in about 5-10% of people living with HIV. This retrospective analysis involves two patients admitted to our tertiary care rural hospital with complaints of bilateral parotid swellings, a provisional diagnosis of DILS associated with HIV-positive status and lymphoepithelial cysts, their subsequent management, including conservative treatment and surgical excision of one of our patients. Our goal is to contribute to and advance the knowledge of this rare condition.
