ABSTRACT
AIM: To analyze the effects of the maxillary second molar and third molar eruption stages on the distalization of first molars with a modified palatal anchorage plate (MPAP) and Beneslider using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Six finite element models (FEMs) of individual maxillary molar distalization and six FEM models of en-masse maxillary arch distalization (EMAD) at different stages of the maxillary molar eruption were created from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the maxillary complex, and 3D displacements of the maxillary first and second molars were evaluated with MPAP and Beneslider. RESULTS: On individual molar distalization, Beneslider showed first molar distal translation during the second and third molar follicular stages, while MPAP showed distal tipping of the first molar. With EMAD, either of the appliances showed distal tipping of the first molars. There was palatal rolling and extrusion of the first molars. The second molar showed buccal drifting with intrusion, and the incisors showed palatal displacement along with extrusion. CONCLUSIONS: Second and third molar eruption stages had no adverse influence on first molar and en-masse maxillary arch distalization. Beneslider showed distal translation of the first molar, while distal tipping was seen with MPAP.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride-releasing elastomeric modules in the control of Streptococcus mutans levels in the oral cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 30 patients, with two experimental periods of three weeks and a three-week washout period between experimental periods. At the first visit, fluoridated modules were placed around brackets on 12 11 33 and non-fluoridated ones on 21 22 43. During the 2nd visit, the modules were removed and sent for a microbiological analysis. Non-fluoridated modules were placed on all brackets for one visit to allow for a washout period. At the 3rd visit, fluoridated elastomeric modules were placed around brackets on 21 22 43 and non-fluoridated on 12 11 33. At the 4th visit, the procedures at the 2nd visit were repeated. RESULTS: A mean comparison between bacterial counts of fluoride-releasing and non-fluoridated elastomeric modules in both the trials were done by the Mann-Whitney U test, which showed the result to be significant (p < 0.001). The mean comparison of bacterial counts between fluoride-releasing and non-fluoridated elastomeric modules in a specific area was done by the Wilcoxon signed rank test, which showed the result to be significant (p < 0.001). A comparison between bacterial counts of fluoride-releasing elastomeric modules in both trials were done by the Mann-Whitney U test, which also showed a significant result (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The sustained-release fluoridated elastomeric modules are effective in reducing the levels of Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque around the brackets for a time period of 21 days. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The sustained-release fluoridated modules were effective in reducing the CFU of S. mutans and are also stable at the end of 21 days of the experimental period. But the action of fluoride released from the modules is localized, temporary, and requires constant maintenance of these modules over the brackets throughout the treatment period.
Subject(s)
Dental Plaque , Fluorides , Elasticity , Elastomers , Humans , Streptococcus mutansABSTRACT
Impaction of maxillary lateral incisor with odontome and retained deciduous tooth is not often seen in regular dental practice. Impaction of anterior teeth cause generalized spacing which affects the esthetics of the face. Here we report a case of an 18-year-old patient with horizontally impacted dilacerated lateral incisor, which was bought into occlusion with the help of orthodontic tooth movement within a span of 18 months.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate and compare the frictional resistance produced by Super Slick modules during sliding with four different types of brackets and four ligature types both in conventional and figure-of-8 ligation method with saliva as lubricant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The frictional resistance was evaluated by using four different ligatures on 0.019" × 0.025" stainless steel (SS) archwires using four different brackets using an universal testing machine with unstimulated saliva as a lubricant. Mean and SD values were calculated. Data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA with post hoc test. RESULTS: The results showed that self-ligating brackets produced least frictional forces. Among all other tested combinations,Tefon-coated SS ligatures in ceramic with metal slot brackets produced least coefficient of static and kinetic friction and full ceramic brackets ligated with Super Slick elastomeric modules demonstrated the highest, with other combinations falling in between. CONCLUSION: Super Slick elastomeric modules, produced highest coefficient of both static and kinetic friction with the conventional and figure-of-8 ligation technique even in wet conditions using natural fresh human saliva. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Both static and kinetic frictional resistance play an important role during sliding mechanics. Various factors have been attributed for friction. However, bracket type, archwire material, type of ligature and method of ligation are important variables. Recently polymeric coated slick elastomeric modules were introduced with the claim that they produce very low frictional forces in wet condition. Contrary to the claim made by the manufacturers of Super Slick elastomeric modules, they produced highest coefficient of both static and kinetic friction with the conventional and figure-of-8 ligation technique.
