[Cardiovascular effects of a single injection of fentanyl in dogs under acute experimental conditions]. / Effets cardiovasculaires d'une injection unique de fentanyl chez le chien en expérimentation aigüe.

Experimental studies carried out in unselected dogs often face the problem of instabilit of various parameters both in terms of haemodynamics as well as acid-base balance. It is possible, with the injection of a single dose of Fentanyl of 0.35 mg.kg-1 given over a period of ten minutes to obtain, from the 30th minute after the injection, satisfactory cardiovascular stability (confirmed during 120 minutes in 9 dogs and 360 minutes in 2 of them). This haemodynamic state at T + 30 is obtained with a fall in mean blood pressure of -40 per cent, and an increase in peripheral resistance of +38 per cent and stroke volume of +11 per cent. This stability, obtained at the price of a stable normacapnia, correction of any possible metabolic acidosis and maintenance of body temperature, makes it possible to study the cardiovascular effects of certain types of treatment or of induced pathology.

[Clinical signs and etiological aspects of metabolic encephalopathies excluding liver encephalopathy and realimentation syndrome]. / Les signes cliniques et les aspects étiologiques des encéphalopathies métaboliques (a l'exclusion de l'encéphalopathie hépatique et du syndrome de réalimentation)

The clinical picture of metabolic encephalopathies has no aetiological specificity. It combines disturbances in conscious level dominated by disorientation and time and space and disturbances in motor activity, in particular tremor and asterixis. For each of the aetiologies studied, the following are considered: the circumstances of onset, the clinical and laboratory picture, the physiopathology and the treatment. From a diagnostic standpoint, particular emphasis should be placed upon the circumstances of onset which alone give any indication. The majority of these encephalopathies are caused by a lack of respect for simple rules in parenteral alimentation or by deficiencies. It is thus essentially an iatrogenic pathology. Treatment should be above all preventive.

[Treatment of septicemia and severe infections with a cefradine-tobramycin combination]. / Traitement des septicémies et des infections graves par l'association céfradine-tobramycine

The cefradine-tobramycine association was used in 11 cases of septicaemia and in 10 cases of non-septicaemic severe poly-infections. In 15 cases, the treatment was undertaken because of the serious state of the patients before the bacteriologic results were known. This association is characterized by its great effectiveness and its very good tolerance, mainly from the renal point of view. The results shown here corroborate those two elements.

[Blood gas determination and calculation of shunts in nonhemodynamic pulmonary edemas]. / Gazométrie et calcul des shunts au cours des oedèmes pulmonaires non hémodynamiques

Qs/Qt is usually determined by the "oxygen" method. The standard equation for calculation of percentage shunts is therefore: (see article) In the case for an FiO2 of I and when PaO2 is greater than 150 mm Hg, the equation can be expressed in terms of the difference in partial pressures of oxygen between the alveolus and the artery: (see article) The determination of Qs/Qt then necessitates, apart from calculation of PaO2 measurement of the O2 content of mixed venous blood, taken from the pulmonary artery. When an indwelling catheter for the sampling of mixed venous blood is not available, samples of superior vena cava blood can be used instead. The error thereby introduced into the calculation of Qs/Qt is debatable. Strictly, only the sampling of mixed venous blood permits precise determination of Qs/Qt. As long as the variations in Qs/Qt, more than its real value at a give time, are worth supervising, superior vena cava blood gives a rather satisfactory approximation. Various graphs relating Qs/Qt to PaO2 or to the alveolo-arterial difference have been proposed and are discussed. The other methods of determining Qs/Qt are also looked at. The value of determination of the shunt during non-hemodynamic edema, and especially in the patient under artificial ventilation with P.E.E.P., is emphasised.