Calcium propionate increased milk parameters in Holstein cows

Background: In the early lactation, dairy cows go through a period of negative energy balance because they do not intakeenough food to supply the energetic demand of milk production. In this period, dairy cows are susceptible to metabolicdisorders, although has little evidence that milk production contribute to increase diseases occurrence. Some alternativesto minimize metabolic disorders, that reduce milk yield, has been suggested, as increase energy density in the diet of drycows 21 days before the parturition and include additives in the diet pre and post-partum. The aim of this study was tomeasure the productive parameters in dairy cows fed calcium salts as energetic source.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows andthe other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups.The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate,T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. The animals were milked twice aday, the first milking at 07:00 am and the second milking at 05:00 pm. Milk samples were collected in plastic containerswith potassium dichromate. These samples were sent to the Laboratory of Milk Analysis of the Paranaense Association ofBreeders of the Holstein Breed for analysis of fat, protein, lactose and total solids through the infrared method. Throughoutthe experimental period, the daily production of the animals under study was recorded. The production of milk (kg) wascorrected to 3.5% fat using the formula PLA 3.5% = (0.432 + kg milk) + (0.1623 x kg milk x fat content).Discussion: Greater supply of glucose or propionate stimulate milk protein production, but the mechanism of this stimulation is unclear...(AU)

Calcium propionate increased milk parameters in Holstein cows

Background: In the early lactation, dairy cows go through a period of negative energy balance because they do not intakeenough food to supply the energetic demand of milk production. In this period, dairy cows are susceptible to metabolicdisorders, although has little evidence that milk production contribute to increase diseases occurrence. Some alternativesto minimize metabolic disorders, that reduce milk yield, has been suggested, as increase energy density in the diet of drycows 21 days before the parturition and include additives in the diet pre and post-partum. The aim of this study was tomeasure the productive parameters in dairy cows fed calcium salts as energetic source.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows andthe other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups.The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate,T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. The animals were milked twice aday, the first milking at 07:00 am and the second milking at 05:00 pm. Milk samples were collected in plastic containerswith potassium dichromate. These samples were sent to the Laboratory of Milk Analysis of the Paranaense Association ofBreeders of the Holstein Breed for analysis of fat, protein, lactose and total solids through the infrared method. Throughoutthe experimental period, the daily production of the animals under study was recorded. The production of milk (kg) wascorrected to 3.5% fat using the formula PLA 3.5% = (0.432 + kg milk) + (0.1623 x kg milk x fat content).Discussion: Greater supply of glucose or propionate stimulate milk protein production, but the mechanism of this stimulation is unclear...

Blood parameters of lactating cows fed calcium salts as energetic source

Background: The negative energetic balance of lactating cows that occurs during the few weeks postpartum shifts the hormonal profile of the animal. These alterations may lead to metabolic disturbance as ketosis and lipid infiltration. Hypocalcemia is another metabolic problem that occurs in the peripartum period, it is characterized by the reduction in blood levels of calcium (Ca2+) near birth. Blood parameters illustrates the nutritional status of milking cows. The serum levels of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and cholesterol are parameters that reveal liver condition and it is very important for the metabolism of milking cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate three additives in the form of a calcium salts on blood parameters of lactating cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows and the other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups. The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate, T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serial calcium, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and cholesterol. The calcium levels were higher in T1 than T3 in early lactation. There was no significant difference of glucose levels between groups. Groups T1 and T2 had lower amounts of BHBA. Cholesterol was higher in T3 and T1 in the early lactation and just in T3 was higher in the mid lactation.[...](AU)

Blood parameters of lactating cows fed calcium salts as energetic source

Background: The negative energetic balance of lactating cows that occurs during the few weeks postpartum shifts the hormonal profile of the animal. These alterations may lead to metabolic disturbance as ketosis and lipid infiltration. Hypocalcemia is another metabolic problem that occurs in the peripartum period, it is characterized by the reduction in blood levels of calcium (Ca2+) near birth. Blood parameters illustrates the nutritional status of milking cows. The serum levels of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and cholesterol are parameters that reveal liver condition and it is very important for the metabolism of milking cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate three additives in the form of a calcium salts on blood parameters of lactating cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows and the other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups. The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate, T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serial calcium, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and cholesterol. The calcium levels were higher in T1 than T3 in early lactation. There was no significant difference of glucose levels between groups. Groups T1 and T2 had lower amounts of BHBA. Cholesterol was higher in T3 and T1 in the early lactation and just in T3 was higher in the mid lactation.[...]

Difficulties experienced by trans people in accessing the Unified Health System. / Dificuldades vividas por pessoas trans no acesso ao Sistema Único de Saúde.

The objective of this study was to discuss the difficulties of trans people living in the metropolitan region of Greater Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, in accessing the health services of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). We used a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with 15 trans people. The results point to disrespect toward the adopted name, discrimination, and the diagnosis required for the gender reassignment process as major limitations to accessing the healthcare system. The diagnosis helps hide the responsibility of heteronormativity and gender binarism in the social marginalization of trans people. It is concluded that it is necessary to review the issue of diagnosis, given that the existence of a prior pathology is not required to access the SUS. It is important to develop educational programmes and permanent campaigns concerning the right to access the healthcare system free from discrimination and to use the adopted name.

Dificuldades vividas por pessoas trans no acesso ao Sistema Único de Saúde / Difficulties experienced by trans people in accessing the Unified Health System

Resumo Objetivou-se discutir as dificuldades de pessoas trans moradoras da região metropolitana da Grande Vitória/ES em acessarem os serviços de saúde no SUS. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 15 pessoas trans. Os resultados apontaram o desrespeito ao nome social, a discriminação e o diagnóstico no processo transexualizador como principais limitações no acesso ao sistema de saúde. Afirma-se que o diagnóstico contribui para ocultar a responsabilidade da heteronormatividade e do binarismo de gênero pela marginalização social das pessoas trans. Conclui-se que é necessário modificar o diagnóstico em sua função, já que a existência de uma patologia prévia não é requisito para acessar o SUS. Aponta-se, também, a importância de elaborar programas de educação e campanhas permanentes sobre o direito de acesso ao sistema de saúde livre de discriminação e com uso do nome social.

Abstract The objective of this study was to discuss the difficulties of trans people living in the metropolitan region of Greater Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, in accessing the health services of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). We used a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with 15 trans people. The results point to disrespect toward the adopted name, discrimination, and the diagnosis required for the gender reassignment process as major limitations to accessing the healthcare system. The diagnosis helps hide the responsibility of heteronormativity and gender binarism in the social marginalization of trans people. It is concluded that it is necessary to review the issue of diagnosis, given that the existence of a prior pathology is not required to access the SUS. It is important to develop educational programmes and permanent campaigns concerning the right to access the healthcare system free from discrimination and to use the adopted name.