Cannabis and anhedonia: A systematic review.

This paper employs a systematic review to examine the correlation between anhedonia and marijuana use, exploring whether individuals with anhedonia use marijuana as a coping mechanism or if marijuana use plays a role in the onset of anhedonia. The search utilised PubMed and Web of Science databases, following PRISMA guidelines for paper selection. A total of 21 papers were selected to address this inquiry, and assessments were carried out using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E) tool. The results revealed that 17 studies exhibited moderate and low risk of bias. The evaluation encompassed a total of 12,427 participants, including both animals and humans. Experimental animal studies focused on exploring the association between cannabidiol (CBD) and anhedonia, while human studies primarily employed observational research, examining various forms of anhedonia in individuals with or without mental disorders such as depression or psychosis. These studies also delved into understanding the effects of anhedonia during adolescence and explored the causal relationship between these concepts. The findings indicate a reciprocal rather than unidirectional relationship, establishing that initial anhedonia predisposes individuals to cannabis use, and subsequent consumption significantly intensifies the anhedonia experienced. Particularly, the studies placed special emphasis on adolescents and individuals with mental disorders.

Probiotics, prebiotics and food allergy.

Summary: Background. The prevalence of food allergy (FA) has increased, a possible consequence of intestinal dysbiosis, environmental or genetic factors. Currently, no formal indications exist for probiotic or prebiotic supplementation in FA. This review aims to analyse the role of probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention and treatment of FA. Methods. A PubMed/Medline search was carried out on articles published between 2011 and 2021 with the following query: ("Food Hypersensitivity"[Mesh]) AND (("Probiotics"[Mesh]) OR ("Prebiotics"[Mesh])). Subsequently, the titles and abstracts were analysed and selected according to established criteria. After full reading of these articles, 54 were included and a narrative review was performed. Results. The review was structured in the following sections: i) Cow's Milk Proteins Allergy (CMA), ii) Food Allergy to Peanuts and iii) Prevention of Food Allergy. In CMA, several studies have supported the benefits of extensively hydrolysed casein formula supplemented with Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG in the earlier acquisition of tolerance to cow's milk proteins, resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms and prevention of other allergic manifestations. In peanut oral immunotherapy (OI), supplementation with Lactobacillus Rhamnosus CGMCC 1.3724 seems to have a favourable impact in inducing a sustained desensitization response. Regarding the use of probiotics in the prevention of FA, this assumption lacks robust scientific evidence in order to confirm the effectiveness. Current evidence supports the use of oligosaccharides from breast milk in the first months of life for preventing atopic dermatitis, FA and asthma. Conclusions. The potential of probiotics to be used as therapeutic adjuvants in CMA and peanut OI is promising. However, there is inconsistency regarding the type of probiotic, the dose and duration of supplementation. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of probiotics and prebiotics in FA.

¿Estamos preparados? / Are we ready?

No disponible

Mazinger, a γ-ray spectrometry system of high efficiency and very low background for paloeoclimate applications.

The study of changes in climate on the scale of the entire history of Earth requires absolute dating methods that cover the total time period. 230Th and 234U disequilibria, as well as 231Pa and 235U, have shown as good candidates to provide ages older than 50ky. Therefore, they are the basis for a method that allows extending the 14C dating up to 500ky or even further. The wide variety of samples, their high number and the fact that several radionuclides are needed to obtain samples' chronology make γ spectrometry to be a suitable technique in this task. However, its low efficiency and high background, therefore, high detection limits in comparison with α spectrometry, need to be improved to become a real alternative in samples with very low activity levels. With this purpose, Mazinger, a new γ spectrometry system based on two HPGe detectors, which are surrounded by active and passive shieldings and placed 12m underground, has been set up in the Ionizing Radiation Laboratory of the University of Salamanca. In this work, the Mazinger's performance is studied at the full energy range useful for natural radionuclides. In composite detectors, energy resolution is a consequence of the electronics adjustments, which have to enable the raw spectra to be summed without resolution worsening. Therefore, the method used to set up electronics and add spectra is described. Detector background is also analysed and compared with the one of a single low-background HPGe detector as a function of the different shielding elements, obtaining gross values of order 10-4cps. Efficiency and figure of merit are obtained for the main natural radionuclides in marine sediments belonging to the Mediterranean MD99-2348 core. Special focus is made on the 230Th determination whose results are compared with the ones provided by α spectrometry. Results show that Mazinger´s performance, in terms of figure of merit, is four times better than the one of a low-level background HPGe detector, specially suited to detect natural radionuclides, being comparable to the performance of α spectrometry in the 230Th determination, which is the radionuclide of lower γ intensity, and doing Mazinger a first class in radiometry of natural radionuclides.

Atypical Toxoplasma gondii genotype in feral cats from the Fernando de Noronha Island, northeastern Brazil.

Toxoplasma gondii isolates from Brazil have a different phenotypic and genotypic pattern, with predominance of virulent isolates and recombinant genotypes, compared to the North Hemisphere. Considering that a new T. gondii genotype, non-pathogenic to mice, was previously identified from free-range chickens from the Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil, this study aimed to identify genotypes of this parasite in tissue samples of feral cats (Felis catus) from this Brazilian Island. Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 18/31 (58%) feral cats. Two non-virulent T. gondii isolates were obtained by mouse bioassay. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP using 10 genetic markers (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, PK1, L358 and Apico) and an atypical strain of T. gondii (ToxoDB #146) was identified. This is the first report of this genotype in feral cats.

Effective stabilization of CLA by microencapsulation in pea protein.

CLA was microencapsulated by spray drying in ten varied wall systems (WS) consisting of pea protein isolate or pea protein concentrate (PPC) alone at varied core:WS ratios (1:2; 1:3 and 1:4), or blended with maltodextrin (M) and carboxymethylcellulose at a pea protein:carbohydrate ratio of 3:1. The physical-chemical properties of the CLA microparticles were characterised by core retention, microencapsulation efficiency (ME), particle size and moisture. CLA:M:PPC (1:1:3) showed the most promising results, thus we evaluated the effect of M addition in the WS on other physical-chemical characteristics and oxidative stability (CLA isomer profile, quantification of CLA and volatile compounds by SPME coupled with CG-MS) during two months of storage at room temperature, CLA:PPC (1:4) was selected for comparisons. CLA:M:PPC (1:1:3) microparticles demonstrated better morphology, solubility, dispersibility and higher glass-transition temperature values. M addition did not influence the oxidative stability of CLA, however its presence improved physical-chemical characteristics necessary for food applications.

Osmoregulation in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts transferred to seawater at different temperatures.

In order to investigate how changes in gill Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase (NKA) α1a and α1b subunits, Na(+) , K(+) , 2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC1) and the apical cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator-I (CFTR-I) transcripts in wild strain of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts are affected by temperature during spring, hatchery-reared parr (mean ± s.e. fork length = 14·1 ± 0·5; mean ± s.e. body mass = 28·5 ± 4·5 g) originating from broodstock from the Vosso river (western Norway) were acclimated to three temperature regimes (4·1, 8·1 and 12·9° C) in May and reared under gradually increasing salinity between May and June. Changes in plasma Na(+) , haematocrit (Hct) and PCO2 were monitored in order to assess and compare key physiological changes with the transcriptional changes in key ion transporters. The temperatures reflect the natural temperature range in the River Vosso during late spring. Overall, higher gill NKA α1b mRNA levels, gill NKCC1a levels and CFTR-I levels were observed in the 4·1° C group compared to the 11·9° C group. This coincided with a 2-3 week period with decreased Hct and PCO2 and may indicate a critical window when smolts suffer from reduced physical performance during migration. Further research is needed to confirm the potential interaction between ecological and physiological conditions on mortality of hatchery-reared smolts from River Vosso during their natural migration.

[Lateral chest X-rays. Radiographic anatomy]. / Radiografía lateral de tórax. Anatomía radiográfica.

Lateral chest views constitute an essential part of chest X-ray examinations, so it is fundamental to know the anatomy on these images and to be able to detect the variations manifested on these images in different diseases. The aim of this article is to review the normal anatomy and main normal variants seen on lateral chest views. For teaching purposes, we divide the thorax into different spaces and analyze each in an orderly way, especially emphasizing the anatomic details that are most helpful for locating lesions that have already been detected in the posteroanterior view or for detecting lesions that can be missed in the posteroanterior view.

Sistemas autoligables de mínima fricción: ¿la fricción imperfecta? / No disponible

Introducción: El uso de brackets autoligables ha crecido exponencialmente en la última década como respuesta a las expectativas generadas en términos de supuestos beneficios al reducir la fricción frente a las técnicas convencionales de ligado con elastómeros. A partir de la modificación de la técnica de ligado y la consiguiente disminución en la fricción clásica los ortodoncistas hemos atribuido a los brackets autoligables una serie de mejoras clínicas. Desafortunadamente gran parte de estos supuestos beneficios no presentan base científica, sino que se apoyan en publicaciones comerciales, con problemas metodológicos que conducen a conclusiones subjetivas guiadas más por el entusiasmo de sus autores y sus experiencias subjetivas, que por los criterios que marca la “ortodoncia basada en la evidencia”. Material y método: Se ha realizado una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas (Medline, PubMed y Cochrane Library) seleccionando los artículos que mencionaban fricción de autoligables comparada con brackets convencionales. Resultados: Existe una alarmante ausencia de estudios “in vivo”, frente a una gran mayoría de estudios “in vitro” que, mediante la recreación de condiciones ficticias en un laboratorio, valoran la fricción en términos de contacto entre la superficie del bracket, el arco (..) (AU)

Introduction: The use of self-ligating brackets has grown markedly in the last decade in response to the expectations of the reduced friction, supposedly offered by this system in comparision to the friction generated by conventional techniques employing elastomereligation. Based on the modification of the ligation technique with its supposed decrease in classic friction, orthodontists have creditedself-ligating brackets with a series of clinical improvements. Unfortunately, rather than as scientific evidence, most of these supposed benefits have been presented in commercial publications that are plagued by methodological problems that lead to subjective conclusions based more on the autors´s enthusiasm and expectations than on “evidence based orthodontics”. Methods: An exhaustive review of the different free electronic data bases (Medline, PubMed and Cochrane Library) selected articles comparing friction with self-ligating brackets and friction with conventional brackets systems. Results: There is an alarming paucity of “in vivo” studies. The majority of “in vitro” laboratory studies recreate frictional conditions to evaluate friction in terms of contact between bracket surface bracket surface, bracket arch and the ligating (..) (AU)

Osteosíntesis de fracturas pertrocantéreas de cadera con placa de compresión percutánea / Pertrochanteric hip fracture osteosynthesis with percutaneous compression plate

Objetivo. Evaluar los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de fracturas intertrocantéreas de cadera con placa de compresión percutánea (PCCP). Material y método. Analizamos 611 pacientes, intervenidos mediante PCCP, con una edad media de 79 años (65 a 99 años). El seguimiento mínimo fue de 10 meses (10 a 24). Se midieron datos relativos a la pérdida sanguínea, relacionándolos con la recuperación postoperatoria del paciente. Resultados. La duración media de la cirugía fue de 32min (15 a 75min). La caída media en el valor de la Hb fue de 1,9g/dl (0,3 a 8,4). El 14,7% de los pacientes precisó una transfusión sanguínea, con una media de 0,25 unidades transfundidas (0 a 3). La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 8 días. Ocurrió un 12,6% de complicaciones médicas y un 5% de complicaciones radiológicas. La mortalidad total en el primer año fue del 3,8% (23 pacientes). Conclusiones. Con la PCCP se consigue una recuperación funcional precoz del paciente asociada a una escasa morbilidad, siendo una alternativa para el tratamiento de las fracturas intertrocantéreas de cadera (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the results obtained in the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures with a percutaneous compression plate (PCCP). Material and method. We analysed 611 patients, operated on using PCCP, with a mean age of 79 years (65 to 99 years). The minimum follow up was 10 months (10 to 24). Data associated with blood loss and the post-operative recovery of the patients were analysed. Results. The mean duration of surgery was 32minutes (15 to 75min). The mean drop in the haemoglobin value was 1.9g/dl (0.3 to 8.4). A blood transfusion was required by 14.7% of patients, with a mean of 0.25 transfusion units (0 to 3). The mean hospital stay was 8 days. There were 12.6% medical complications and 5% radiological complications. The overall mortality in the first year was 3.8% (23 patients). Conclusions. An early functional recovery of the patient associated with a low morbidity was achieved with PCCP, making it an alternative for the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures (AU)

Markers of metabolic syndrome in obese children before and after 1-year lifestyle intervention program.

PURPOSE: Excess weight may be related to the development of adverse cardiometabolic risk factors in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a lifestyle intervention program (nutrition and exercise counseling) on anthropometric parameters and metabolic syndrome (MS) components in Portuguese overweight/obese children. METHODS: A total of 83 overweight/obese children aged 7-9 years were assigned to a 1-year individual or group-based treatment (GT); 61 children (z-score BMI (zBMI): 1.93 ± 0.28; 27 boys and 34 girls) completed the program. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline, at 6 months and at 1 year. RESULTS: The overweight/obese children, compared to normal-weight ones, presented significantly higher blood pressure, total-cholesterol, total-cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio, triglycerides, Apolipoprotein B and C-reactive protein levels, while HDL and Apolipoprotein A-I were significantly lower. At baseline, the prevalence of MS was 16.4% in overweight/obese and 0% in normal-weight children. The number of components of MS was significantly higher in children with higher zBMI. Lifestyle intervention led to a significant improvement in zBMI, waist circumference/height ratio, HDL, triglycerides, Apolipoprotein A-I, and Apolipoprotein B levels. The prevalence of MS decreased to 14.8%. The GT intervention seems to be more successful, with a significant decrease in zBMI and an increase in HDL and a lower drop-out rate. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight/obese children have multiple risk factors associated with the MS. Lifestyle intervention, both individual and group-based treatment, led to an improvement in the degree of overweight/obesity and in MS components.

Liver transplantation in bearers of hepatitis B associated or not with delta hepatitis in the age of the new antiviral drugs: is hyperimmune globulin still necessary?

Hepatitis B (HBV) is a public health problem worldwide; one-third of the population has already been in contact with HBV, and 350 million people are chronic carriers of virus. The appearance of hyperimmune gamma globulin and antiviral drugs has allowed that group to undergone hepatic transplantation, achieving satisfactory results to prevent a relapse. But the use of hyperimmune gamma globulin has an extremely high cost, and combined therapies with new antiviral drugs seem to be a therapeutic alternative. We analyzed 21 patients with hepatitis B associated or not with Delta hepatitis over a mean follow-up period of 19.5 months, concluding that use of only nucleotide analogues has sufficient to achieve satisfactory results.

Anaphylaxis to povidone in a child.

Povidone is an allergic agent present in numerous substances, food and medicines. The authors present the clinical case of a 9-yr-old male child admitted in the emergency room with anaphylaxis, in two occasions separated by a 6-month period. The first episode occurred 5 min after the first oral administration of Fluvermal (flubendazole) and the second occurred 10 min after cutaneous application of Betadine (povidone iodine solution). Previous cutaneous application of this solution and ingestion of mebendazole occurred without apparent adverse reactions. The allergy study revealed eosinophilia, an elevated total IgE level and positive prick-by-prick test for both drugs. A cutaneous prick-by-prick test with povidone (the sole common constituent) was also positive. This is probably the first case described in the literature of anaphylaxis induced by povidone in a child.

Mordida abierta hiperdivergente: una revisión bibliográfica / Hyperdivergent Open-bite: A Review

Para tratar con éxito la mordida abierta hiperdivergente (MAH) es imprescindible conocer la etiopatogenia del crecimiento vertical a fin de establecer un diagnóstico preciso. El mayor potencial de crecimiento y colaboración de los pacientes en edad infantil y el posible impacto psicológico de la deformidad, justifican un tratamiento precoz. Posponer el tratamiento al período de dentición permanente puede hacer imprescindible la cirugía ortognática. El fenotipo hiperdivergente habitualmente comporta alteraciones esqueléticas y dentoalveolares en ambos maxilares y en los tres planos del espacio con disminución de la altura facial posterior y aumento de la anterior, incremento de los ángulos goniaco y mandibular y las alturas de los procesos dentoalveolares, compresión maxilar con oclusión cruzada, posterorrotación mandibular y mordida abierta anterior. El control de la dimensión vertical es el factor más importante en el tratamiento de la MAH. Los objetivos son aumentar la proporción altura facial posterior (AFP)/altura facial anterior (AFA), conseguir la anterorrotación mandibular y promover el crecimiento vertical del cóndilo, para lo cual es fundamental la intrusión de las estructuras dentoalvolares posteriores. El ortodoncista puede manejar aisladamente o en combinación los siguientes recursos: aparato extraoral de tiro occipital con o sin férula oclusal, aparatos funcionales, bloques de mordida posteriores, mentonera vertical y extracciones. El proyecto terapéutico debe ser individualizado (AU)

[Mechanisms underlying endothelin-1 effects on myocardial function]. / Mecanismos subjacentes aos efeitos da endotelina-1 sobre a função miocárdica.

INTRODUCTION: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has potent vasoconstrictor, growth promoting and positive inotropic properties. Its effects on the intrinsic properties of the myocardium were recently described. The present study investigated the mechanisms underlying those effects. METHODS: The myocardial effects of 1 and 10 nM of ET-1 were evaluated in isolated rabbit papillary muscles (n = 9) and human atrial trabecula from CABG patients (Krebs-Ringer; 1.8 mM CaCl2; 35 degrees C). In papillary muscles the effects of 1 nM ET-1 were also studied in the presence of: (i) a selective ETA receptor antagonist, BQ-123 (0.1 microM; n = 9); (ii) a selective ETB receptor antagonist, BQ-788 (0.1 microM; n = 6); and (iii) an Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor, methyl-isobutyl-amiloride (MIA; 1 microM; n = 6). Only significant results (mean +/- SE, p < 0.05) are given, expressed as delta % baseline. RESULTS: In AT by papillary muscles, 1 nM of ET-1 increased 64 +/- 16%, dT/dtmin 39 +/- 13% and decreased PT by 11 +/- 2%. The analysis of atrial strip contractions yielded similar results. In papillary muscles the effects of ET-1 were not affected by BQ-788, yet they were abolished by BQ-123, and reduced by 44% by MIA. CONCLUSIONS: The action of ET-1 on myocardial function is similar in human and non-human myocardium. The myocardial effects observed in the present study are mediated by the binding to ETA receptors, and partially dependent on Na+/H+ exchanger activation.

Selective neoglycosylation increases the structural stability of vicilin, the 7S storage globulin from pea seeds.

The effects of glycosylation on the stability and subunit interactions of vicilin, the major storage protein in pea seeds, were investigated. Glycosylated vicilin derivatives were prepared by alkylation of lysine epsilon-amino groups with various carbohydrates. Average modification levels of 13.4 +/- 3.0, 11.1 +/- 3.6, 7.5 +/- 4.2, and 4.7 +/- 0.3 moles of carbohydrate/mol of vicilin were obtained with glucose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and lactose, respectively. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography indicated that the quaternary structure and hydrodynamic radius of vicilin were not affected by glycosylation at the levels used. We have previously shown that application of hydrostatic pressure causes dissociation of vicilin subunits [C. Pedrosa and S. T. Ferreira (1994) Biochemistry 33, 4046-4055]. Analysis of pressure dissociation data allowed determination of the Gibbs free energy change (deltaG(diss)) and molar volume change (deltaV(diss)) of dissociation of vicilin subunits. For unmodified vicilin, deltaG(diss) = 18.2 kcal/mol and deltaV(diss) = -102 ml/mol. Glycosylated vicilin derivatives were significantly stabilized against subunit dissociation, with deltaG(diss) of 19.4, 19.2, 20.6, and 22.1 kcal/mol for glucose, galactose, lactose, and galacturonic acid derivatives, respectively. No changes in deltaV(diss) were found for the glucose and galactose derivatives, whereas deltaV(diss) of -128 and -135 ml/mol, respectively, were found for the lactose and galacturonic acid derivatives. The glycosylated derivatives also appeared more resistant to unfolding by guanidine hydrochloride than unmodified vicilin. Intrinsic fluorescence lifetime measurements showed that glycosylation caused a significant increase in heterogeneity of the fluorescence decay, possibly reflecting increased conformational heterogeneity of glycosylated derivatives relative to unmodified vicilin. These results indicate that the stability and subunit interactions of vicilin may be modulated by mild, selective glycosylation at low modification levels, an effect that may be of interest in the study of other oligomeric proteins.

Hydatid disease: radiologic and pathologic features and complications.

Hydatid disease primarily affects the liver and typically demonstrates characteristic imaging findings. However, there are many potential local complications (eg, intrahepatic complications, exophytic growth, transdiaphragmatic thoracic involvement, perforation into hollow viscera, peritoneal seeding, biliary communication, portal vein involvement, abdominal wall invasion). Furthermore, secondary involvement due to hematogenous dissemination may be seen in almost any anatomic location (eg, lung, kidney, spleen, bone, brain). Ultrasonography (US) is particularly useful for the detection of cystic membranes, septa, and hydatid sand. Computed tomography (CT) best demonstrates cyst wall calcification and cyst infection. CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may demonstrate cyst wall defects as well as the passage of contents through a defect. Chest radiography, US, CT, and MR imaging are all useful in depicting transdiaphragmatic migration of hydatid disease. CT is the modality of choice in peritoneal seeding. US and CT demonstrate rupture in most cases that involve wide communication. Indirect signs of biliary communication include increased echogenicity at US and fluid levels and signal intensity changes at MR imaging. CT allows precise assessment of osseous lesions, whereas MR imaging is superior in demonstrating neural involvement. Familiarity with atypical manifestations of hydatid disease may be helpful in making a prompt, accurate diagnosis.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in northeastern Brazil: a clinical, histopathologic, and molecular study.

The state of Bahia in the northeastern coast of Brazil is a region in which HTLV-I infection is endemic. This study investigated the characteristics of 28 HTLV-I-associated lymphomas/leukemias in this region. HTLV-I-infection diagnosis was based on serologic study, Southern blot analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in neoplastic tissue. The main clinical differences between these lymphomas and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cases from other endemic areas were as follows. The mean age was 47 years; 20% of the cases occurred in young adults; and a predominance was found among male subjects (2:1), blacks, and of those of mixed race (96%). Histologically, 20 cases were T-cell pleomorphic leukemia/lymphoma, 5 were Mycosis fungoides-like cutaneous lymphoma, and 3 were CD30+ large-cell anaplastic lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated 4 cases of CD8+ lymphoma. Proviral genomic sequences were demonstrated by PCR in 9 lymph node biopsy specimens and in 3 skin biopsy specimens. Southern blot was performed and was positive in 8 cases.

Using gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography to assess arterial inflow stenosis after kidney transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate use of gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) MR angiography in the assessment of suspected arterial inflow stenosis after kidney transplantation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive patients receiving kidney transplants (26 single-kidney transplants and two en block transplants) with suspected arterial inflow stenosis were examined with two MR angiography sequences: gadolinium-enhanced 3D fast spoiled gradient-recalled (SPGR) imaging and 3D phase-contrast imaging. Twenty-four of these patients then were examined using the gold standards: either digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (n = 23) or surgery (n = 1). MR angiography and DSA studies were independently and prospectively analyzed for the presence of arterial stenoses (mild [<50%], severe [50-90%], or critical [>90%]) in the iliac, anastomotic, and renal artery segments. Two independent observers retrospectively evaluated the MR angiography sequences for ability to detect or exclude significant (> or = 50%) arterial stenoses. RESULTS: In 22 single-kidney transplants, DSA showed eight significant stenoses in 66 arterial segments. MR angiograms adequately showed 66 of 66 segments (prospective observers) and 64 of 66 segments (each retrospective observer), which were subsequently evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of MR angiography in revealing significant stenoses were 100% and 98% (prospective analysis), 88% and 98% (retrospective observer 1), and 86% and 100% (retrospective observer 2). Concordance between observers showed kappa values exceeding .85 for all comparisons except the analysis of phase-contrast series (kappa = .62). In one en block transplant, DSA showed that stenosis was greater than 90%, although it had been graded at less than 50% with MR angiography. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced 3D MR angiography accurately evaluated arterial inflow in single-kidney transplants.