ABSTRACT
Multivisceral transplantation is the treatment for multiple abdominal organ failure. The patient experiences reduced food intake and absorption of nutrients, contributing to weight loss and decreased muscle mass, reducing functional capacity. A physical and nutritional rehabilitation program based on adequate caloric intake associated with supervised physical exercise seems to support a gain of muscle mass, re-establishing its capacity and functional independence. A rehabilitation program was carried out, consisting of low-intensity aerobic exercise on treadmill, exercises of global strengthening (50% of 1 maximum repetition [1RM], with progressive increase), and nutritional monitoring (oral hypercaloric diet, hyperproteic supplementation daily and after exercise). Initial and final evaluation included weight, muscle mass index, brachial circumference (BC), tricipital cutaneous fold (TCF), hand grip strength (HGS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 1RM, vital capacity (VC), and respiratory muscle strength. After the program, functional capacity was evaluated through the 6MWT (92%), 1RM test, VC (55%), respiratory muscle strength, HGS at 5 kg, weight gain (4.75%), increase of BC in 2 cm, and TCF in 2 mm. The program contributed to functional independence, improved quality of life, and social reintegration, suggesting the importance of a supervised physical activity program associated with adequate nutritional intake after multivisceral transplantation.
Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy/methods , Multiple Organ Failure/surgery , Organ Transplantation/rehabilitation , Postoperative Complications/rehabilitation , Recovery of Function , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Organ Transplantation/adverse effects , Organ Transplantation/methods , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Prolonged time on the waiting list affects post-transplant survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is not yet known which patients will be at higher risk for early dropout from the list. We investigate specific risk factors for early waiting list dropout in patients with HCC. METHODS: This was a single-center, intention-to-treat analysis of adults with HCC, within the Milan criteria, from July 2006 through September 2013. Patients were divided into groups according to waiting list time. The main end point was dropout from the list. RESULTS: The dropout rates of the study cohort at 3, 6, and 12-months were 6.4%, 12.4%, and 17.7%, respectively. Patients who dropped out from the list tended to be older, with blood types A and O, and with higher Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. They also had larger nodules, responded poorly to trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE), and had a higher alpha-fetoprotein. Those with blood types B and AB appeared to be protected for dropout (odds ratio [OR] = 0.21, P = .02). Patients who responded to TACE were also protected (OR = 0.22, P < .001). When we looked into time to dropout, the only baseline characteristic that stood out was a higher MELD score (13 for those dropping out up to 90 days vs 10 for those dropping out after 180 days, P = .0025). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that patients who drop out early from the list are primarily driven by the severity of liver disease. Patients who had progressive HCC had a high tumor load and poor response to loco-regional therapies, dropping out from the list after 180 days of inclusion.
