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1.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 26(4): 3436-3446, 2019 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30515686

ABSTRACT

For heavy duty applications like power generation and transportation, the best option is the compression ignition engines, but the major concerns are the rising prices and environmental issues due to the rapid depleting sources of conventional fossil fuels. The present investigation is to study the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder four-stroke, air-cooled direct injection diesel engine runs with an alternate fuel as waste high density polyethylene plastic oil (HDPE) obtained by catalytic pyrolysis. At constant speed, test fuels have been experimented successfully to determine the engine performance such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, and exhaust gas emissions such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and unburned hydrocarbons. The result shows that the brake thermal efficiency is lower at all load conditions when compared to diesel fuel whereas the brake specific energy consumption decreases with increase in engine load and increases with increase in waste plastic oil blend ratio. CO emission increases and NOx emission level decreases with enhancement in engine load whereas the NOx emission and CO emission augments with increase in waste plastic oil blend percentage. But in case of NOx emission increase in concentration of waste plastic oil with diesel leads to raise in emission level. By using thermal imager, the link between in-cylinder temperature and NOx emission has been fixed. With the help of this course of action, it has been observed that in-cylinder temperature plays the major role in NOx concentration.


Subject(s)
Gasoline , Polyethylene , Vehicle Emissions/analysis , Waste Products , Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Ether , Hydrocarbons/analysis , Nitrogen Oxides/analysis , Plastics/chemistry , Pyrolysis , Temperature
2.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 25(29): 29115-29128, 2018 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30112643

ABSTRACT

The primary objective of this work was to enhance the performance and emission of the computerized variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine fuelled with pentanol/Calophyllum inophyllum (CI)/diesel fuel blends. Based on the prerequisite for the current research, response surface methodology (RSM), an optimization technique, was adopted for the process parameters compression ratio (CR), load and fuel blends, and the optimized responses like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke were revealed with the help of Derringer's desirability approach. From the results, it is notified that pentanol-fuelled engine showed better performance and emissions at 17.5 CR, P20C20 (pentanol 20%+Calophyllum inophyllum 20%+diesel 60%) blend and 2.5 bmep (brake mean effective pressure) load conditions. The observed mathematical models and validation experiments show that the VCR diesel engine exhibits maximum efficiency and minimum emissions at the optimized input parameters.


Subject(s)
Biofuels , Calophyllum/chemistry , Vehicle Emissions/analysis , Biofuels/analysis , Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Gasoline/analysis , Hydrocarbons/analysis , Models, Theoretical , Nitrogen Oxides/analysis , Pentanols/chemistry , Smoke/analysis
3.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 25(14): 13731-13744, 2018 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29508195

ABSTRACT

Alcohol is used as an additive for a long time with the petroleum-based fuels. In this study, the higher alcohol, n-pentanol, was used as an additive to Calophyllum inophyllum (CI) biodiesel/diesel blends at 10, 15, and 20% by volume. In all blends, the ratio of CI was maintained at 20% by volume. The engine characteristics of the pentanol fuel blends were compared with the diesel and CI20 (Calophyllum inophyllum 20% and diesel 80%) biodiesel blend. The nitrogen oxide (NO) emission of the pentanol fuel blends showed an increased value than CI20 and neat diesel fuel. The carbon dioxide (CO2) also increased with increase in pentanol addition with the fuel blends than CI20 fuel blend and diesel. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were decreased with increase in pentanol proportion in the blend than the CI20 fuel and diesel. The smoke emission was reduced and the combustion characteristics of the engine were also improved by using pentanol blended fuels. From this investigation, it is suggested that 20% pentanol addition with the biodiesel/diesel fuel is suitable for improved performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine without any engine modifications, whereas CO2 and NO emissions increased with addition of pentanol due to effective combustion.


Subject(s)
Biofuels/analysis , Calophyllum/chemistry , Gasoline/analysis , Pentanols/chemistry , Vehicle Emissions/analysis , Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Gasoline/standards , Hydrocarbons/analysis , Nitric Oxide/analysis , Nitrogen Oxides/analysis , Vehicle Emissions/prevention & control
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