Subject(s)
Dihydrotestosterone/blood , Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Finasteride/administration & dosage , Hirsutism/drug therapy , Administration, Topical , Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endocrine System/physiology , Female , Hirsutism/metabolism , Humans , Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Testosterone/blood , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
Injection of carbachol into the brainstem of rats produced an increase in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep which was site- and dose-dependent. Effective locations for carbachol to stimulate REM sleep included the pontine reticular formation at the level of the trigeminal motor nucleus and the dorsal parabrachial area in the caudal midbrain. The carbachol effect in the caudal pons was dose-dependent. Additionally, this effect was blocked by concomitant administration of the muscarinic antagonist atropine. Control experiments suggested that the drug-induced phenomenon appeared to be an increase in normal physiological REM sleep.
Subject(s)
Brain Stem/physiology , Cholinergic Fibers/physiology , Sleep, REM/physiology , Animals , Atropine/pharmacology , Autoradiography , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain Stem/drug effects , Carbachol/analysis , Carbachol/pharmacology , Cholinergic Fibers/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electroencephalography , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sleep, REM/drug effectsABSTRACT
Acute administration of the organophosphate diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP) produces behavioral and physiological symptoms indicative of excessive cholinergic stimulation. This behavioral toxicity was found to be incompatible with the occurrence of sleep, despite the fact that chronic administration of DFP has been shown to increase the rapid eye movement stage of sleep. DFP was found to decrease all stages of sleep and to increase wakefulness in a dose-dependent manner. Atropine sulfate, at doses of 3.0 mg/kg, was ineffective in blocking the DFP effects upon sleep.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Isoflurophate/toxicity , Sleep/drug effects , Animals , Atropine/pharmacology , Body Weight , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Injections , Isoflurophate/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sleep Stages/drug effects , Wakefulness/drug effectsABSTRACT
In this experiment, rats were treated chronically with moderate doses of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP). After an initial injection of 1.0 mg/kg DFP, the rats received a 0.5 mg/kg injection every third day thereafter for a total of 5 injections (13 days). Following the treatment regimen, the rats were found to have increased amounts of REM sleep compared to vehicle control rats. The time spent awake and in slow wave sleep was relatively unaffected. The increase in REM sleep appears to be due to increased numbers of REM sleep episodes and not an increase in the average length of the REM sleep episodes. Furthermore, the increased REM sleep does not appear to be due to REM rebound or to disruptions of circadian rhythm.
Subject(s)
Isoflurophate/pharmacology , Sleep, REM/drug effects , Animals , Brain/physiology , Cholinergic Fibers/physiology , Female , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sleep, REM/physiology , Stimulation, ChemicalABSTRACT
An automated technique for the continuous analysis of selected EEG frequency bands as a function of drug treatment is described. Experiments utilizing this analytical method have shown that the convulsive effects of GHB are antagonized by dipropylacetate, but that the effects of GHB exhibit a latent irreversibility.
