Corrigendum: Efficacy of Initial vs. Delayed Photodynamic Therapy in Combination With Conbercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.791935.].

Efficacy of Initial vs. Delayed Photodynamic Therapy in Combination With Conbercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of initial vs. delayed photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial. SUBJECTS: Naïve PCV patients. METHODS: Patients were randomized 1:1 into two groups: initial PDT with IVC and delayed PDT with IVC. At baseline, patients in the initial combination group were treated with PDT and IVC within 1 week, while patients in the delayed combination group were treated with IVC alone. PDT and IVC was given PRN during the follow-up in each group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Non-inferiority of delayed PDT with IVC to initial PDT with IVC for mean change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to month 12 (95% CI of the difference entirely above -5 letters). RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were enrolled, with 43 in each group. At month 12, the change of BCVA in initial combination group was equivalent to that in the delayed combination group, with gains of 6.42 ± 1.89 and 7.49 ± 2.14 (mean ± standard error) letters, respectively [delayed group minus initial group: 1.07 letters; 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.62 to 6.76; P non-inferiority = 0.0198]. The rates of complete polyp regression were 66.67 and 45.83% in the initial and delayed combination groups, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.386). The mean reductions of CRT were 204.77 ± 28.79 and 84.14 ± 30.62 µm in each group respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). In addition, the mean injection numbers were 3.47 ± 2.39 and 4.91 ± 2.65 in each group respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: There was effective in both groups in patients with PCV. The initial combination group showed a more efficient decrease in CRT and polyp regression, along with fewer injections. However, the initial combination group was non-inferior compared with the delayed combination group in terms of the improvement of BCVA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02821520.

Efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse laser compared with threshold conventional laser in central serous chorioretinopathy.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) with threshold conventional laser (TCL) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: Prospective, randomized, double-masked, non-inferiority, 12-week clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to SML group or TCL group. Patients in the SML group were treated with 577 nm micropulse laser. The spot size was 160 µm, the duty cycle was 5% and exposure time was 0.2 s. The power was 50% threshold tested. Patients in the TCL group were treated with 577 nm continuous laser. The power was 100% threshold tested. The primary outcome was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at week 12, with a non-inferiority limit of five letters on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity charts. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients were enroled. Seventy-seven patients were male. Forty-four patients were in SML group and 44 in TCL group. At week 12, SML was equivalent to TCL with a gain of 6.23 ± 8.59 and 6.61 ± 6.35 letters, respectively, (SML-TCL difference: -0.38 letters; 95% confidence interval (CI):-3.58-2.81; Pnon-inferiority = 0.0026). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (t = 0.240, P = 0.811). At week 12, the proportion of patients whose SRF had been totally absorbed was 63.63 and 81.82% respectively for SML and TCL groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 3.67, P = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS: Both SML and TCL can improve visual acuity in CSC. SML was non-inferior to TCL in the improvement of BCVA.

A Dihydroflavonol-4-Reductase-Like Protein Interacts with NFR5 and Regulates Rhizobial Infection in Lotus japonicus.

In almost all symbiotic interactions between rhizobia and leguminous plants, host flavonoid-induced synthesis of Nod factors in rhizobia is required to initiate symbiotic response in plants. In this study, we found that Lotus japonicus Nod factor receptor 5 (LjNFR5) might directly regulate flavonoid biosynthesis during symbiotic interaction with rhizobia. A yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that a dihydroflavonol-4-reductase-like protein (LjDFL1) interacts with LjNFR5. The interaction between MtDFL1 and MtNFP, two Medicago truncatula proteins with homology to LjDFL1 and LjNFR5, respectively, was also shown, suggesting that interaction between these two proteins might be conserved in different legumes. LjDFL1 was highly expressed in root hairs and epidermal cells of root tips. Lotus ljdfl1 mutants and Medicago mtdfl1 mutants produced significantly fewer infection threads (ITs) than the wild-type control plants following rhizobial treatment. Furthermore, the roots of stable transgenic L. japonicus plants overexpressing LjDFL1 formed more ITs than control roots after exposure to rhizobia. These data indicated that LjDFL1 is a positive regulator of symbiotic signaling. However, the expression of LjDFL1 was suppressed by rhizobial treatment, suggesting that a negative feedback loop might be involved in regulation of the symbiotic response in L. japonicus.