Increased expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and DJ-1 contribute to cell invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and DJ-1 protein have been shown to relate with cell invasion and metastasis in tumors. However, the role of DJ-1 in invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its relation to MIF expression in NPC are not fully understood. The aim of present study is to determine whether or not MIF and DJ-1 are correlated with tumor invasion and influence a worse outcome in NPC, as well as its related mechanism. METHODS: 125 cases of NPC and 45 normal tissues of nasopharynx were collected. The expression of MIF and DJ-1 in tissue microarray was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Correlation between immunostainings and clinicopathological parameters, as well as the follow-up data of patients, was analyzed statistically. The association of MIF and DJ-1 with cell invasion and migration in NPC cell line were evaluated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, invasion assay and Western blotting. RESULTS: MIF and DJ-1 staining was diffused and strong in tumor cells, whereas they were generally weaker and less common in normal lining epithelia of nasopharynx. High MIF expression in tumor cells (71.2%, 89/125 cases) were significantly associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and worse prognosis of NPC patients. High expression of DJ-1 (75.2%, 94/125 cases) were closely correlated to lymph node metastasis and MIF high-expression. Only MIF high expression (P = 0.010) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004) emerged as strong independent prognostic factors for overall survival of NPC patients. In vitro, down-regulated expression of DJ-1 in NPC cell lines by siRNA was observed to reduce cell migration and invasion potential, however, exogenous MIF promoted cells invasion. CONCLUSIONS: The data provided evidence that increased expression of MIF and DJ-1 induced cell invasion and metastasis of NPC, supporting the idea that MIF and DJ-1 may play important roles as regulators in the progression of NPC.

Secondary cutaneous Epstein-Barr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a case report and review of literature.

Only a few cases of extranodal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B-cell lymphomas arising from patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) have been described. We report a case of AITL of which secondary cutaneous EBV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) developed after the initial diagnosis of AITL. A 65-year-old Chinese male patient was diagnosed as AITL based on typical histological and immunohistochemical characteristics in biopsy of the enlarged right inguinal lymph nodes. The patient initially received 6 cycles of chemotherapy with CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, prednisone), but his symptoms did not disappear. Nineteen months after initial diagnosis of AITL, the patient was hospitalized again because of multiple plaques and nodules on the skin. The skin biopsy was performed, but this time the tumor was composed of large, polymorphous population of lymphocytes with CD20 and CD79a positive on immunohistochemical staining. The tumor cells were strong positive for EBER by in situ hybridization. The findings of skin biopsy were compatible with EBV-associated DLBCL. CHOP-R chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and rituximab) was then administered, resulting in partial response of the disease with pancytopenia and suppression of cellular immunity. To our knowledge, this is the first case of cutaneous EBV-associated DLBCL originated from AITL in Chinese pepole. We suggest the patients with AITL should perform lymph node and skin biopsies regularly in the course of the disease to detect the progression of secondary lymphomas.

[Expression of angiogenesis-related factors in invasive breast cancer and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between expression of angiogenesis-related factors, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta(1)), and microvessel count (MVC) in invasive breast cancer and analyze its clinical implications. METHODS: VEGF, TGFbeta (1) and CD34 expressions in 62 surgical specimens of invasive breast cancer and 12 normal breast specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry and HE staining. MVC was calculated according to the quantification of positive CD34 expression. Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients including age, tumor size, histological type and auxiliary lymph node metastasis were recorded and compared with the results of MVC VEGF and TGFbeta1 expression and detection. RESULTS: MVC and of VEGF and expressions TGFbeta (1) in invasive breast cancer group (55.62-/+11.07, 51.61%, 56.45%, respectively) were greater than those in the normal control group (12.65-/+5.73, 16.67%, 16.67%, respectively, P<0.05). MVC and the positivity rates of VEGF and TGFbeta (1) expressions were 65.53-/+20.36, 68.75% and 78.13%, respectively, in invasive breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastasis, significantly higher than those without metastasis (P<0.05). MVC was correlated with VEGF and TGFbeta (1) expressions in that MVC was significantly higher in patients positive for VEGF and TGFbeta (1) (62.82-/+16.31 and 59.35-/+12.76) than in those negative for their expressions (51.16-/+12.53 and 50.80-/+15.62, P<0.05). Significant correlation was also found between VEGF and TGFbeta (1) expressions (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The interaction between VEGF and TGFbeta (1) mediates angiogenesis, and MVC and VEGF and TGFbeta (1) expressions are correlated to lymph node metastasis, which may provide reference for prognostic evaluation of invasive breast cancer.