ABSTRACT
As a complex social and psychological problem, the stigma of diabetic patients has received widespread attention all over the world in recent years, and related assessment tools have been developed to some extent, but a unified standard has not yet been formed. The author summarizes the reported stigma evaluation tools for diabetic patients at home and abroad, introduces the application and characteristics of each evaluation tool, and summarizes the limitations of the existing evaluation tools to further develop and improve the stigma evaluation tools and applications for diabetic patients Research provides reference and reference.
ABSTRACT
Gongylonema infection is a zoonotic disease occurring throughout the world and is mainly caused by consumption of contaminated water and raw food. Adult Gongylonema worms can exist as parasites in the human body for up to 10 years and cause symptoms of local irritation in the oral cavity, esophagus, and pharynx. Herein, we report a rare case in which live Gongylonema pulchrum was detected and extracted from the oral cavity of a woman. The pathogen was confirmed as G. pulchrum on the basis of microscopic examination and morphologic analysis. The patient's symptoms resolved immediately after surgical removal of the parasite, and the patient has been advised not to drink water that has not been boiled and to avoid consuming unwashed raw vegetables.
