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1.
Patterns (N Y) ; 2(10): 100349, 2021 Oct 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34541563

ABSTRACT

In response to the coronavirus pandemic, governments implemented social distancing, attempting to block the virus spread within territories. While it is well accepted that social isolation plays a role in epidemic control, the precise connections between mobility data indicators and epidemic dynamics are still a challenge. In this work, we investigate the dependency between a social isolation index and epidemiological metrics for several Brazilian cities. Classic statistical methods are employed to support the findings. As a first, initially surprising, result, we illustrate how there seems to be no apparent functional relationship between social isolation data and later effects on disease incidence. However, further investigations identified two regimes of successful employment of social isolation: as a preventive measure or as a remedy, albeit remedy measures require greater social isolation and bring higher burden to health systems. Additionally, we exhibit cases of successful strategies involving lockdowns and an indicator-based mobility restriction plan.

2.
PLoS One ; 15(7): e0235732, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32673323

ABSTRACT

Mobile geolocation data is a valuable asset in the assessment of movement patterns of a population. Once a highly contagious disease takes place in a location the movement patterns aid in predicting the potential spatial spreading of the disease, hence mobile data becomes a crucial tool to epidemic models. In this work, based on millions of anonymized mobile visits data in Brazil, we investigate the most probable spreading patterns of the COVID-19 within states of Brazil. The study is intended to help public administrators in action plans and resources allocation, whilst studying how mobile geolocation data may be employed as a measure of population mobility during an epidemic. This study focuses on the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro during the period of March 2020, when the disease first started to spread in these states. Metapopulation models for the disease spread were simulated in order to evaluate the risk of infection of each city within the states, by ranking them according to the time the disease will take to infect each city. We observed that, although the high-risk regions are those closer to the capital cities, where the outbreak has started, there are also cities in the countryside with great risk. The mathematical framework developed in this paper is quite general and may be applied to locations around the world to evaluate the risk of infection by diseases, in special the COVID-19, when geolocation data is available.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Mobile Applications , Models, Biological , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Cities/epidemiology , Computer Simulation , Disease Outbreaks , Health Status Indicators , Humans , Pandemics , Population Density , Travel
3.
Amino Acids ; 51(9): 1323-1335, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31399841

ABSTRACT

Bio-based polyurethane materials are broadly applied in medicine as drug delivery systems. Nevertheless, their synthesis comprises the use of petroleum-based toxic amines, isocyanates and polyols, and their biocompatibility or functionalization is limited. Therefore, the use of lysine residues as amine sources to create non-isocyanate urethane (NIU) linkages was investigated. Therefore, a five-membered biscyclic carbonate (BCC) was firstly synthetized and reacted with a protected lysine, a tripeptide and a heptapeptide to confirm the urethane linkage formation with lysine moiety and to optimize reaction conditions. Afterwards, the reactions between BCC and a model protein, elastin-like protein (ELP), and ß-Lactoglobulin (BLG) obtained from whey protein, respectively, were performed. The synthesized protein materials were structural, thermally and morphologically characterized to confirm the urethane linkage formation. The results demonstrate that using both simple and more complex source of amines (lysine), urethane linkages were effectively achieved. This pioneering approach opens the possibility of using proteins to develop non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) with tailored properties.


Subject(s)
Lysine/chemistry , Polyurethanes/chemical synthesis , Amines/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Isocyanates/toxicity , Lactoglobulins/chemistry , Polyurethanes/chemistry , Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques/methods
5.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2010. 112 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-616552

ABSTRACT

O estudo tem por tema o cuidar paliativo na atenção ambulatorial, em particular as percepções sobre esse cuidado sob o ponto de vista dos usuários do Ambulatório de Cuidados Paliativos em Oncologia, do Hospital do Câncer IV, do Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA/MS. O palco do nosso estudo sofreu transformações em sua estrutura física e na forma do atendimento dispensado a partir de março de 2009. Na atualidade, e diferentemente do que é mais comum na maioria dos ambulatórios das demais unidades INCA, os pacientes, quando chamados para consulta, entram para uma sala de atendimento e aguardam os profissionais, ao invés de percorrem as salas de consulta de cada especialidade. Buscamos trazer e compreender a percepção dos sujeitos através de suas falas, bem como as dificuldades por eles vivenciadas na assistência do cuidado, e sua relação com a Integralidade. Esta última foi entendida como tecnologia que permeia as ações, favorecendo e aprimorando o cuidado em saúde. Ao relacionar os pilares da integralidade — isto é, o acesso, o acolhimento, o vínculo, a autonomização e a responsabilização — procuramos entender os parâmetros desse conceito e sua aplicabilidade no sistema do INCA. Demarcamos como caminhos teóricos desta pesquisa, as questões voltadas à Integralidade e às tecnologias como orientadoras dos processos de trabalho em serviço de saúde. O elemento decisivo e norteador para seguir este caminho foi o conceito de tecnologias leves formulado por Merhy, que guarda em suas definições uma ponte entre as mesmas e a integralidade — conceitos estes básicos para a investigação proposta. Optamos pela metodologia qualitativa, com o uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas que possibilitariam um maior aprofundamento na compreensão das percepções dos sujeitos sobre o atendimento à saúde naquela Unidade Hospitalar...


Subject(s)
Humans , Comprehensive Health Care/methods , Palliative Care/methods , Outpatients/psychology , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , Oncology Service, Hospital , Qualitative Research
6.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 14(4): 511-520, out.-dez. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-537664

ABSTRACT

Este estudo se iniciou com a realização de um inventário das fontes de emissão de material particulado existentes no município de Sete Lagoas (MG). Com base nessas informações e nos parâmetros meteorológicos e topográficos da região, foi feita a seleção dos pontos de maior concentração de material particulado inalável (MP10) usando o modelo ISC3. Um dos pontos identificados se situa na área central do município. Nesse local foram coletadas várias amostras de material particulado (MP) para determinação das composições mineralógica e elementar das partículas de aerossol (MP10). A calcita foi o mineral mais abundante (> 30 por cento) e o Na, Ba e o Fe foram os elementos-traço presentes em maior proporção no material coletado. A análise de fatores principais mostrou que a ressuspensão de poeira de solo e as atividades industriais são os maiores contribuintes de emissão do MP naquela área.


This study started with the inventory of the main particulate emission sources of Sete Lagoas city, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Based on this data and on local meteorological and topographic parameters, the selection of the highest points of inhalable particulate (PM10) concentrations was carried out using the ISC3 model. One of the identified points is situated on the central area of the city. Several samples of particulate matter (PM) were collected in that site for the determination of the mineralogical and elemental composition of the aerosol particles (PM10). Calcite was the most abundant mineral (> 30 percent), and Na, Ba and Fe were the trace elements presented in larger proportion in the collected material. The analysis of the main factors showed that resuspension of soil dust and industrial sources were the largest contributors of PM emissions in that area.

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