ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar e comparar as concentrações de eletrólitos e minerais no leite humano em três grupos: amostras analisadas antes e após pasteurização de lactantes doadoras a termo e amostra de leite cru colhida à beira do leito de mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal. Foram dosadas concentrações de cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), sódio (Na) e potássio (K) em amostras aleatórias de leite humano nos três grupos. As amostras foram analisadas por mineralização ácida assistida por radiação micro-ondas e posteriormente por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado e expressas em mg/L, com cálculo de médias e desvio padrão. A comparação entre os grupos foi feita por análise de variância (ANOVA)/teste de Tukey. Nível de significância aceito de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se redução significante dos teores de Ca (259,4±96,8 vs. 217,0±54,9; p=0,003), P (139,1±51,7 vs. 116,8±33,3; p=0,004) e K (580,8±177,1 vs. 470,9±109,4; p<0,0001) após a pasteurização. As amostras de leite cru colhidas à beira do leito apresentaram teores estatisticamente mais elevados de Na (2 vezes) do que o leite a termo de doadora. Ca e P só atingiriam a ingestão recomendada pela European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition se o leite materno fosse ofertado em volume de 60 mL a cada 3 horas. Concentrações de Mg não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusões: Houve uma redução significativa de Ca, P e K nas amostras após pasteurização e os valores de Na no leite cru coletado à beira do leito foram superiores àqueles pré-pasteurização.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine and compare the concentrations of electrolytes and minerals in three different types of maternal milk samples: term donor milk before pasteurization, term donor milk after pasteurization and raw milk of mothers of preterm newborns at bedside. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were measured in random samples of three human breast milk groups. Samples were analyzed using acid mineralization assisted by microwave radiation and further analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Concentrations were expressed in mg/L, described as mean and standard deviation. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test were applied to determine the variability between the means of each group. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: There was a significant reduction in the content of Ca (259.4±96.8 vs. 217.0±54.9; p=0.003), P (139.1±51.7 vs. 116.8±33.3; p=0.004) and K (580.8±177.1 vs. 470.9±109.4; p<0.0001) in donor maternal milk before and after pasteurization. Samples of raw milk presented higher contents of Na than the donated milk (twice). The elements P and Ca would only reach the daily intake levels recommended by the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition if at least 60 mL of milk could be offered every 3 hours. Mg levels were not different between the three groups. Conclusions: There was a significant reduction in Ca, P and K levels in samples after pasteurization. The Na value in raw milk, collected at bedside, was higher than in the samples of donor's milk before pasteurization.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Young Adult , Electrolytes/analysis , Pasteurization , Milk, Human/chemistry , Minerals/analysis , Tissue Donors , Term BirthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the concentrations of electrolytes and minerals in three different types of maternal milk samples: term donor milk before pasteurization, term donor milk after pasteurization and raw milk of mothers of preterm newborns at bedside. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were measured in random samples of three human breast milk groups. Samples were analyzed using acid mineralization assisted by microwave radiation and further analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Concentrations were expressed in mg/L, described as mean and standard deviation. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-test were applied to determine the variability between the means of each group. Significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the content of Ca (259.4±96.8 vs. 217.0±54.9; p=0.003), P (139.1±51.7 vs. 116.8±33.3; p=0.004) and K (580.8±177.1 vs. 470.9±109.4; p<0.0001) in donor maternal milk before and after pasteurization. Samples of raw milk presented higher contents of Na than the donated milk (twice). The elements P and Ca would only reach the daily intake levels recommended by the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition if at least 60 mL of milk could be offered every 3 hours. Mg levels were not different between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant reduction in Ca, P and K levels in samples after pasteurization. The Na value in raw milk, collected at bedside, was higher than in the samples of donor's milk before pasteurization.
OBJETIVO: Determinar e comparar as concentrações de eletrólitos e minerais no leite humano em três grupos: amostras analisadas antes e após pasteurização de lactantes doadoras a termo e amostra de leite cru colhida à beira do leito de mães de recém-nascidos pré-termo. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal. Foram dosadas concentrações de cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), sódio (Na) e potássio (K) em amostras aleatórias de leite humano nos três grupos. As amostras foram analisadas por mineralização ácida assistida por radiação micro-ondas e posteriormente por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado e expressas em mg/L, com cálculo de médias e desvio padrão. A comparação entre os grupos foi feita por análise de variância (ANOVA)/teste de Tukey. Nível de significância aceito de 5%. RESULTADOS: Observou-se redução significante dos teores de Ca (259,4±96,8 vs. 217,0±54,9; p=0,003), P (139,1±51,7 vs. 116,8±33,3; p=0,004) e K (580,8±177,1 vs. 470,9±109,4; p<0,0001) após a pasteurização. As amostras de leite cru colhidas à beira do leito apresentaram teores estatisticamente mais elevados de Na (2 vezes) do que o leite a termo de doadora. Ca e P só atingiriam a ingestão recomendada pela European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition se o leite materno fosse ofertado em volume de 60 mL a cada 3 horas. Concentrações de Mg não diferiram entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Houve uma redução significativa de Ca, P e K nas amostras após pasteurização e os valores de Na no leite cru coletado à beira do leito foram superiores àqueles pré-pasteurização.
Subject(s)
Electrolytes/analysis , Milk, Human/chemistry , Minerals/analysis , Pasteurization , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Term Birth , Tissue Donors , Young AdultABSTRACT
In this work multivariate experiments were conducted to optimize the operating conditions for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for multielemental determinations in chocolate drink powder. The operating conditions were investigated using a 2(3) central composite design, where the variables studied were radio frequency power, nebulization flow rate, and auxiliary argon flow rate. The effects of these parameters on plasma robustness and on signal to background ratio (SBR) were considered in parallel, allowing the evaluation of robustness and detectability using few and fast experiments to select the best conditions for the determination of the analytes. In this case, the proposed experiments were applied to the optimization of a method aimed at the determination of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, V, and Zn in chocolate drink powder. The compromise conditions that allowed obtaining a robust and sensitive analytical method were radio frequency power of 1200 W, nebulization flow rate of 0.6 L/min, and auxiliary argon flow rate of 0.3 L/min. Using these conditions, recoveries between 95 and 105% and relative standard deviations lower than 5% were obtained for the majority of the analytes. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of 15 samples of chocolate drink powder. The highest concentrations of metallic species were found in diet and light products.
