Evaluation of lymph node findings in patients with and without odontogenic infection: A clinical and ultrasonographic study.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of submandibular and submental lymph nodes in patients with and without odontogenic infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systemically healthy patients aged 18-30 years old with or without odontogenic infections were included in this study. Clinical examinations were performed on all patients; those with any odontogenic infection were placed in the study group, and those without were placed in the control group. Ultrasonographic examinations of bilateral submental and submandibular lymph nodes were performed for both groups. The data were statistically analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test and Student's t-test. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients voluntarily participated (female: n=86 (57%), male: n=64 (43%)), 75 in the study group and 75 in the control group. During the ultrasonographic examination, patients in the study group had more than one lymph node the same patient was mostly detected, in the study group (right submandibular: n=42, 56%, and left submandibular: n=43, 57.3%). The long-axis diameter of the submandibular lymph nodes was 9.305.30 mm and 5.505.20 mm in the study and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography revealed that the presence, number, and long-axis diameter of the submandibular lymph nodes in the patients with and without odontogenic infection were statistically different.

Does the horizontal condylar angle have a relationship to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and condylar position? A cone-beam computed tomography study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the horizontal condylar angle (HCA), temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA), and condylar position on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on TMJ OA, joints were classified as affected and the unaffected. According to the OA condition of their joints, three groups of patients were formed: control group (n = 159, 41.1%), unilateral group (n = 121, 31.3%), and bilateral group (n = 107, 27.6%). In total, the HCAs of 774 TMJs of 387 patients were measured and their condylar positions were determined as concentric (n = 184, 23.8%), posterior (n = 338, 43.7%), and anterior (n = 252, 32.5%). RESULTS: The mean HCA of the bilateral group (22.7 ± 7.6°) was greater than those in both the control (19.5 ± 6.4°) and the unilateral (20.5 ± 6.5°) groups (p < 0.05). However, the difference was not statistically significant between the control and unilateral group (p > 0.05). In total patients, unlike the unilateral group, the affected joints had a greater mean HCA than the unaffected joints (p < 0.05). The mean HCAs of the joints according to the condylar position were as concentric: 20.6 ± 6.7°, posterior: 21.1 ± 7.8°, and anterior: 20.2 ± 7.9° (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: While the HCA increased in the presence of TMJ OA, no relationship was found between HCA and three different condylar positions.

In vitro antifungal evaluation of seven different disinfectants on acrylic resins.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate alternative methods for the disinfection of denture-based materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two different denture-based materials were included in the study. Before microbial test, the surface roughness of the acrylic resins was evaluated. Then, the specimens were divided into 8 experimental groups (n = 10), according to microorganism considered and disinfection methods used. The specimens were contaminated in vitro by standardized suspensions of Candida albicans ATCC#90028 and Candida albicans oral isolate. The following test agents were tested: sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl 1%), microwave (MW) energy, ultraviolet (UV) light, mouthwash containing propolis (MCP), Corega Tabs, 50% and 100% white vinegar. After the disinfection procedure, the number of remaining microbial cells was evaluated in CFU/mL. Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, and Dunn's test were used for multiple comparisons. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the surface roughness. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between autopolymerised and heat-cured acrylic resins. The autopolymerised acrylic resin surfaces were rougher than surfaces of heat-cured acrylic resin. The most effective disinfection method was 100% white vinegar for tested microorganisms and both acrylic resins. CONCLUSION: This study showed that white vinegar 100% was the most effective method for tested microorganisms. This agent is cost-effective and easy to access and thus may be appropriate for household use.

Role of angiotensin converting enzyme, paraoxonase 1 55, 192 gene polymorphisms in syndrome X and coronary heart disease.

Aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between ACE and/or PON1 M55L, Q192R genetic polymorphisms and subjects with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and/or syndrome X (SX) when compared to the control group. ACE I/D, PON1 M55L and Q192R genetic polymorphisms, Body Mass Index (BMI) and biochemical parameters were investigated in subjects with CHD (n = 19), SX (n = 34) and healthy subjects (n = 26). All of the subjects were nonsmokers. According to the unrelated group t-test results; BMI, HDL-C and TG values were found to be slightly different in SX and control subjects but there was no significant difference in LDL-C and TC values. According to the Mann Whitney U-test results, BMI, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C values were found to be significantly different among CHD and control group subjects, but there was no difference in TG values. The results of this study indicates that ACE, PON1 192 and PON1 55 gene polymorphisms are not related to genetic susceptibility to SX and/or CHD in non-smokers. Obviously, the interpretation of these finding is difficult due to the small sample size and larger group studies are needed for more definitive conclusions.

Film tomography compared with film and digital bitewing radiography for proximal caries detection.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of conventional tomography for proximal caries detection compared with conventional bitewing and digital intraoral radiography. METHODS: In this study, 48 extracted human posterior permanent teeth were used. Conventional bitewing radiographs, digital intraoral radiographs and conventional tomograms were obtained of the teeth. The presence or absence of caries was scored according to a five-point scale by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. True caries depth was determined by histological examination. The diagnostic accuracy of each radiographic system was assessed by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The mean of areas under the ROC curve (A(z)) was analysed by pairwise comparison of ROC curve. The interobserver agreement was evaluated using a t-test. RESULTS: The statistical analysis of A(z) scores has shown no significant difference for three imaging modalities (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between interobserver agreement (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of conventional tomograms is comparable to that of conventional bitewing and digital intraoral radiographs for proximal caries detection.

Assessment of repeatability and reproducibility of mental and panoramic mandibular indices on digital panoramic images.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements for Mental Index (MI) and Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) on digital panoramic images. METHODS: In this study, measurements for MI and PMI were carried out independently by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists on twenty digital panoramic images. Each observer repeated the measurements after a period of approximately one week. Paired t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the levels of association. RESULTS: All measurements, both within and between observers, demonstrated high correlations and intraobserver agreement was higher than interobserver agreement according to Pearson correlation coefficients (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference according to t-test (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that digital panoramic radiographs may be used to evaluate PMI and MI. Reproducibility and repeatability of digital panoramic images were found to be high for measurements of PMI and MI. Additionally, as measuring tool, this software is easy and practical to use and may be preferable for validation of radiomorphometric indices.

Bond-coating in plasma-sprayed calcium-phosphate coatings.

The influence of bond-coating on the mechanical properties of plasma-spray coatings of hydroxyatite on Ti was investigated. Plasma-spray powder was produced from human teeth enamel and dentine. Before processing the main apatite coating, a very thin layer of Al2O3/TiO2 was applied on super clean and roughened, by Al2O3 blasting, Ti surface as bond-coating. The experimental results showed that bond-coating caused significant increase of the mechanical properties of the coating layer: In the case of the enamel powder from 6.66 MPa of the simple coating to 9.71 MPa for the bond-coating and in the case of the dentine powder from 6.27 MPa to 7.84 MPa, respectively. Both tooth derived powders feature high thermal stability likely due to their relatively high content of fluorine. Therefore, F-rich apatites, such those investigated in this study, emerge themselves as superior candidate materials for calcium phosphate coatings of producing medical devices. The methods of apatite powder production and shaping optimization of powder particles are both key factors of a successful coating. The methods used in this study can be adopted as handy, inexpensive and reliable ways to produce high quality of powders for plasma spray purposes.

Relationship between ACE gene polymorphism and ischemic chronic heart failure in Turkish population.

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been associated with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and remodeling. However, little is known about its role in ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated the relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and ischemic CHF and its influence on exercise capacity. METHODS: ACE gene I/D polymorphism was analyzed in 209 Turkish patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary angiography. ACE genotype distributions were examined in 84 consecutive patients with ischemic CHF, functional capacity class II-IV to New York Heart Association and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% and 125 consecutive patients with stable angina pectoris and LVEF > or = 40%. Furthermore the results of the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in each ACE genotype were compared in medically treated ischemic CHF patients (n = 84). RESULTS: ACE genotype distributions were similar between the patients with and without symptomatic CHF in CAD. The odds ratios were 0.95 for D homozygotes (p > 0.05) and 0.98 for the D allele (p > 0.05). In patients with ischemic CHF the differences in CPX findings were statistically not significant in ACE D/D, I/D and I/I genotypes (peak oxygen consumptions 13.7 +/- 4.6; 14.6 +/- 5.1 and 14.5 +/- 5.0 ml/kg/min, respectively (p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study population, there was no evidence that ACE gene I/D polymorphism plays a role in the development of CHF in CAD or any influence on exercise capacity in treated patients with ischemic CHF.

Breast milk beta-glucuronidase and prolonged jaundice in the neonate.

Breast milk samples from mothers of breast-fed, healthy, term newborns with unexplained prolonged jaundice were analyzed for beta-glucuronidase activity. Mean enzyme activity was 75.7 +/- 34.5 modified Sigma units/ml in the breast milk samples ingested by the study group of jaundiced babies (n = 25) and 82.2 +/- 40.1 modified Sigma units/ml in the samples ingested by the control group of non-jaundiced babies (n = 20) (p > 0.05). Enzyme activities at 2, 3 and 4 postnatal weeks were 101.0 +/- 39.9, 66.0 +/- 20.7 and 57.0 +/- 22.4 modified Sigma units/ml in the study group and 87.9 +/- 36.1, 58.5 +/- 15.0 and 88.3 +/- 49.1 modified Sigma units/ml in the controls. The differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). We conclude that breast milk beta-glucuronidase activity may be a contributory factor, in the presence of other variables, in hyperbilirubinemia but it is neither the main nor the only cause of prolonged jaundice in neonates.