Complications of emergency refeeding in anorexia nervosa: case series and review.

The refeeding syndrome is common among patients with anorexia nervosa. It may be lethal and has many manifestations. We report a case series of 14 anorexic patients admitted for feeding to a single British centre. There was a high prevalence of the refeeding syndrome, with three cases requiring higher dependency unit support and one death. We present a review of the refeeding syndrome in anorectics and highlight our impression that infection among such patients may be serious and under-recognised.

Topical negative pressure in the treatment of infected wounds with exposed orthopaedic implants.

The use of TNP on infected open wounds with exposed orthopaedic implants has not yet been described in the literature. Here, its application on these wounds accelerated healing and enabled definitive wound closure to be undertaken.

Use of previously burned skin in local fasciocutaneous flaps for upper extremity reconstruction.

Thermal injuries are characterized by varying degrees of damage to the skin and underlying structures. In the vast majority of patients, the initial thermal injury is limited to the skin and subcutaneous fat. The underlying fascia and its vasculature usually are spared. Flaps are required to cover nongraftable wounds (exposed tendon, bone, joints, and so on) and also are used to release joint and web space contractures. Contrary to frequent opinion, previously burned skin or skin-grafted fascia can safely be used as fasciocutaneous flaps when necessary. We present our series of burned patients in whom local flaps originating from within the burned area were used, avoiding the need for more distant or free flaps to accomplish appropriate wound coverage. This series consists of 40 fasciocutaneous flaps in 22 patients. The flaps included lateral arm (4), posterior interosseous (7), radial forearm (4), ulnar forearm (2), metacarpal (3), and digital (20).

Monobloc correction of external nasal deviations.

Nine patients (7 men, 2 women) with external nasal deviation underwent corrective procedures using a monobloc nasal osteotomy technique. The deformities ranged from mild to severe. Eight patients had post-traumatic deviations, whereas 1 had a unilateral cleft nasal deformity. For this monobloc technique, osteotomies were performed at unequal levels to correct the height difference, no periosteal undermining was performed, and septal dissection was undertaken only after monobloc repositioning. There was no need for grafts or microplate fixation. Minimum follow-up was 8 months. All patients had improvement in their external deviation, 1 patient was mildly undercorrected, and only 1 patient (cleft nasal) required a radical submucosal resection.

Urinary excretion of desmosine (elastin cross-links) in subjects with PiZZ alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, a phenotype associated with hereditary predisposition to pulmonary emphysema.

To evaluate the concept that lung elastin degradation is accelerated in homozygous alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficient persons, we prepared acid hydrolysates of urine and used a radioimmunoassay for desmosine to measure urine concentrations of this elastin-specific cross-link in such persons and in control subjects. Excretion of desmosine in 17 homozygous AAT-deficient (PiZZ) patients with emphysema was compared with that in 27 patients with interstitial lung diseases (16 sarcoid, 5 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 6 other interstitial lung diseases) and 26 healthy subjects. Both smokers and nonsmokers were present in all groups. Urinary desmosine concentration (microgram/100 mg creatinine) was 2.35 +/- 0.93 in the PiZZ patients, 2.49 +/- 1.01 in those with interstitial lung disease, and 2.05 +/- 0.54 in the healthy control subjects (p greater than 0.1, all comparisons). Because abnormal pulmonary elastolysis may be largely completed before symptoms of emphysema develop in AAT-deficient persons, we also tested 6 asymptomatic adults with homozygous AAT deficiency (PiZZ) and 5 PiZZ children. Urine desmosine (microgram/100 mg creatinine) was not significantly elevated in either group compared with that in the age-matched control subjects, although children (PiZZ and age-matched controls) showed higher excretions than did adults (6 asymptomatic PiZZ adults, 2.60 +/- 0.91; 5 PiZZ children, 3.27 +/- 0.62; 10 control children, 3.61 +/- 0.62). These data suggest that pathologic lung elastolysis in the PiZZ subject may constitute too small a fraction of total-body elastin turnover to be detected by this method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)