ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The breast carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy in the women in the Czech Republic. The incidence of the breast carcinoma is still increasing. But the diagnostics and treatment of this disease was also changed. MATERIAL AND A METHODS: Retrospective study on the Department of Surgery Pardubice General Hospital. There are compared two periods--the years 1991 and 2006. Particularly there are followed numbers of procedures, diagnostics methods, types of procedures, size of the tumor, lymph node and systemic metastases, preoperative time and age of the patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of procedures doubled, the size of the tumor decreased from 3.05 to 2.01 cm, detection of lymph node metastases and lung metastases improved, there is trend to breast conservative treatment, preoperative time shortened.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Czech Republic , Female , HumansABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The goal of our study was to create a psychophysical test for the screening of olfactory function on the basis of commercially available odourized markers (OM). There are six coloured markers in one package filled with different odourants at suprathreshold levels. In order to identify the best approach, we investigated five different variations of the technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Olfaction was investigated in 189 subjects. Healthy participants as well as patients suffering from olfactory disorders were tested. Initially subjects were tested by one of five methods using OM. Finally, the "Sniffin' Sticks" test (butanol odour threshold, odour identification) was performed. RESULTS: Correlation of the OM screening test and the "Sniffin' Sticks" ranged from 0.49 to 0.93 indicating that variations of the technique strongly influence the results of testing. The best technique for evaluating olfactory function included spontaneous naming of odours and odour identification from a list of four distractors. The sensitivity of this method was sufficient to determine anosmia. CONCLUSIONS: The odourized markers screening test can be used to screen for anosmia in the general population. However, the precise quantification of olfactory function is not possible, because of the relatively small amount of odours.
Subject(s)
Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Smell/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , OdorantsABSTRACT
Diseases of the ear, nose and throat influenced or played an important role in the lives of painters (D. Ghirlandaio, L. da Vinci, L. van Leyden, J. Reynolds, F. Goya, V. van Gogh), composers (L. van Beethoven, B. Smetana, G. Puccini, M. Ravel, J. Jezek), writers or poets (W. Shakespeare, O. Wilde), statesmen (Francis II, John VI., G. Washington, Frederick III, G.S. Cleveland, U.S. Grant, Edward VII, A. Hitler, F.D. Roosevelt) or other famous persons (M. Luther, T. Brahe, H. Schliemann, T.A. Edison, S. Freud, G.S. Patton, E. Rommel, etc.). The aim of this paper is to remind us of and also to enrich our knowledge about the specialization in which we are working everyday.
Subject(s)
Famous Persons , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/history , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Medicine in the ArtsABSTRACT
The authors evaluate the group of 25 patients suffering from malignant melanoma in head and neck region. Patients were treated on ENT clinic in Hradec Králové during 1961-1991. The authors describe the localization of malignant melanoma, the process of therapy and the surviving of patients. The contemporary opinions are discussed for possibilities of therapy.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms , Melanoma , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Male , Melanoma/pathology , Melanoma/therapy , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Dynamic ultrasonography is a diagnostic ultrasound examination which makes possible non-invasive visualization of soft tissue structures of the neck and its large blood vessels. Duplex ultrasonography makes moreover aimed assessment of the blood flow in major vessels possible and thus supplements in a significant way the echotomographic picture. Because of its non-invasive character it is preferable to CT and angiography in diagnostic work.
Subject(s)
Ultrasonography , Humans , Neck/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography/methodsABSTRACT
Duplex sonography not only provides the ENT specialist with valuable information on topographic relations of soft tissue tumours with the main blood vessels of the neck but provides also information on the blood flow in these vessels. It makes it possible to draw reliable conclusions on vascular anomalies or dislocation of the vessels, on affections of the vascular wall, on restricted patency of vessels due to the action of a tumour (compression, penetration) or inflammation (thrombus) or changes in the flow through the jugular vein conditioned by impaired passage in the S-shaped sinus. In some instance ultrasonic examination is a valuable method for evaluation of the dynamic and further development of the basic disease and can replace classical arteriography or phlebography.
Subject(s)
Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neck/diagnostic imaging , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Partial hearing loss has been proved audiometrically in 38/82 patients submitted to the chronical intermittent or transplantation program in 1985. However, in only 27 patients the interrelationship with the main renal disease or its management was established on the basis of anamnestical data, age and type of audiometric curve. The audiometric control examination delayed up to 1 year resulted in one case of expressive partial hearing loss as related to the administration of ototoxical drugs. In order to evaluate precisely the dependence of progressive partial hearing loss on the dialysis, the long-term monitoring is required.
Subject(s)
Audiometry , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Hearing Disorders/etiology , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Only comprehensive treatment comprising active screening of risk groups, treatment proper, primary and secondary prevention and permanent collaboration of the clinician and pathologist can improve significantly the prognosis (morbidity and mortality) of patients with precanceroses of the larynx. Subsequent dispensary care then improves by cca 10% the five-year survival of patients with confirmed malignancies, as compared with the therapeutic results of all treated carcinomas of the larynx during the corresponding period.
