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1.
Bull Acad Natl Med ; 196(3): 761-79, 2012 Mar.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23472364

ABSTRACT

In his opening remarks to Academy of Medicine meeting devoted to Chronic Intestinal Failure and Transplantation on 7 February 2012, Bernard Launois recalled that the first successful intestinal transplantation worldwide was performed in 1987, in France, at Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades in Paris. Having had the pleasure of leading this great adventure, and being modestly (and almost by accident) its initiator, Denys Pellerin recalls the circumstances, the difficulties and the vicissitudes of the successive phases. The early hopes and successes of parenteral nutrition in the management of long-term short-bowel syndrome were followed by setbacks and a growing realization of the limits of this approach. Intestinal transplantation was the only way out of this impasse. Uninterrupted research conducted simultaneously in the clinic and on piglets, drawing on the expertise of multiple teams grouped together at Necker-Enfants-Malades, would ultimately lead, after 18 years of intense efforts, to a fragile but encouraging success on 21 March 1987, unanimously recognized as the first-ever successful pediatric intestinal transplant.


Subject(s)
Intestines/transplantation , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/history , Child , France , History, 20th Century , Humans , Transplantation/history
4.
C R Biol ; 325(10): 1059-63, 2002 Oct.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12494505

ABSTRACT

Divergent and sometimes conflicting positions with respect to human stem cells and cell therapy do not merely reflect disagreement among scientists and conflicts of interest. They attest the ethical tension resulting from recent progress in understanding the earliest stages of development of the human being that can be observed in vitro. Can the extremely potent notion of the human person starting with conception apply to the very first stage of artificial in vitro fertilisation and disregard the fact that to be a real substitute for natural conception, implantation in the uterus that enables the oocyte to nest and a new human being to develop must also be included? Several arguments are presented that plead in favour of making a clear distinction between the status of in vitro cells obtained by artificial fertilisation and that of the embryo, which becomes a developing human being from the moment it implants in the endometrium of the uterus. This subject could have remained in the sphere of the individual conscience, but it has now become a theme for social debate! The revision of the French 1994 so-called Bioethics Laws, which was recently approved on first reading on 22 January 2002, authorizes research on spare embroys from in vitro fertilisation under certain conditions. However, for the sole reason that there is a risk of opening the door wide to reproductive cloning, which is unanimously rejected and condemned, all research on stem cells deriving from the nuclear transfer of a somatic cell is prohibited, irrespective of the distinction between cloning for therapeutic purposes and reproductive cloning. It is undeniable that if the efficacy of somatic stem cells could be demonstrated, they would offer a far more preferable solution, for several reasons, than those involving stem cells obtained from spare embryos from IVF or nuclear transfer. Nevertheless, how will a comparison of the two methods be possible if one of them is prohibited a priori? At present, many fear that French researchers will be prevented from doing essential research that, even if it has far to go, is indispensable if we wish to attempt to control the failures of natural procreation and open the way towards the new regenerative medicine that so many look forward to.


Subject(s)
Embryo Research/ethics , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology , Stem Cell Transplantation/ethics , Bioethics , Conflict, Psychological , Humans
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 2(3): 92-100, jul.-set. 1987. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-42971

ABSTRACT

Foram revistos os prontuários de 22 crianças operadas de bronquiectasia entre outubro de 1975 e outubro de 1983, na Clinique Chirurgicale Infantile do Hospital da Faculdade de Medicina Necker-Enfants-Malades de Paris. Foram analisados os parâmetros objetivos de diagnóstico, indicaçäo operatória, operaçöes realizadas, complicaçöes e resultados a longo prazo. Realizaram-se 6 lobectomias, 7 bilobectomias simples e 2 associadas a 1 segmentectomia e 7 pneumectomias. No pós-operatório imediato, 8 crianças apresentaram complicaçöes, 7 das quais evoluiram bem e uma faleceu. Entre 4 meses e 7 anos, 19 crianças puderam ser reavaliadas, 15 tiveram resultados considerados como excelente e bom, 2 como regular e 2 como estacionário


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Bronchiectasis/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Bronchiectasis/diagnosis , Bronchiectasis/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Methods , Postoperative Care , Preoperative Care
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