The effects of high intensity-interval training on vaspin, adiponectin and leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

AIM: We aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of HIIT exercise on PCOS patients and how it affects adiponectin, vaspin and leptin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty women with PCOS were included in the study and were divided into two groups. HIIT program was applied for 10 PCOS and Medium Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) program was applied for other 10 PCOS. At the beginning and at the end of the study, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride(TG), insulin, Adiponectin, Leptin, Vaspin levels of both PCOS groups were evaluated. RESULTS: When PCOS patients by performed HIIT exercise for 12 weeks, we found that the levels of leptin and vaspin did not change while adiponectin levels increased. Moreover serum levels of insulin, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C decreased but levels of HDL-C increased. CONCLUSION: HIIT increased in the adiponectin levels in women with PCOS and provided more weight loss.

The investigation of biochemical and microbiological properties of four different honey types produced in turkey and the comparison of their effects with silver sulfadiazine on wound healing in a rat model of burn injury.

BACKGROUND: To determine and compare the effects of different honey types on wound healing in an animal model, with silver sulfadiazine as the standard treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five different groups were created with eight rats in each group. Partial-depth burns were created, and different types of honey and silver sulfadiazine were applied to the respective groups. Rats were monitored for 21 days, and wound cultures were obtained. Histopathological evaluation and cytokine analysis of final tissue samples were performed. In addition, the biochemical and microbiological analyses of the four types of honey used in the study were performed. RESULTS: Wound shrinkage comparisons showed that all four honey-treated groups (Bingöl, Konya, cotton, and citrus) performed better than the silver sulfadiazine group (honey groups, respectively, 86.86%, 84.72%, 89.61%, and 95.33% vs. control 82.90%). However, only citrus honey caused a significant difference in wound shrinkage rate when compared with other groups as well with control group (95.34% vs. 82.9%, P < 0.05). In tissues, all honey groups had higher cytokine (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1B, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) values compared with controls (P < 0.001). Honey analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between Fe (iron) and the number of diastases. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the role of honey in wound healing, due to its antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. More studies are needed to identify the role of honey composition in wound healing.

VASPIN, ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN LEVELS IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC RATS INDUCED BY STREPTOZOTOCIN.

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin, vaspin and leptin are only a few of these numerous adipocytokines. Little is known about the behavior of adipocytokines and how adipose tissue metabolism is affected in this Type 1 DM model. In this study we investigated the serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, vaspin in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve Spraque Dawley albino rats were included in the study. The animals were divided into two groups. The first group was diabetic (D) (n: 6) and 60mg / kg STZ was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to these rats. The second group was the non-diabetic control (ND) group (n: 6). All the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Quantification of vaspin, Adiponectin, leptin in serum was performed using the ELISA kit. RESULTS: Adiponectin, vaspin levels of diabetic group were found to be statistically lower than of control group (p<0.05). Leptin levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a need for new researches that can explain the relationship between Vaspin, Leptin and Adiponectin and Type 1 diabetes. New studies in this area will open new horizons for the identification of new biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of Type 1 diabetes.

Investigation the relaxant effects of proton pump inhibitors and their relaxation mechanism on sheep sphincter of Oddi.

BACKGROUND: Using a relaxant agent before an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) might reduce complications. STUDY AIMS: We aimed to investigate the relaxant effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on sheep sphincter of Oddi (SO) and the mechanisms that might take part in this relaxant effect. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sheep SO was mounted in an organ bath filled with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution under 1.5 g tension and the relaxant effects of PPIs were evaluated in the tissues precontracted by carbachol (10-6 mol/l). The relaxant responses to the PPIs were tested in the presence of various blockers to enlighten the underlying mechanism by the PPIs. RESULTS: The PPIs exerted relaxant responses in a concentration-dependent manner in the sheep SO (P < 0.05). Esomeprazole produced the strongest relaxation. The administration of atropine, indomethacin, L-NAME, methylene blue, clotrimazole, glibenclamide, and 4-aminopyridine into the organ baths did not change the relaxations induced by PPIs in vitro (P> 0.05). On the other hand, Ca+2-activated potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA) reduced the relaxation responses created by PPIs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that PPIs create relaxation on SO partially via Ca+2-activated potassium channels. PPIs, especially esomeprazole, may be beneficial during the ERCP procedure. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm our results.

rs3918242 variant genotype frequency and increased TIMP-2 and MMP-9 expression are positively correlated with cancer invasion in urinary bladder cancer.

To study the role of MMP9 and TIMP2 genotypes and expression in predisposition to bladder cancer and relation with metastasis. 100 urinary bladder cancer patients and 100 healthy controls were included in the study. rs3918242 and rs8179090 genotypes were determined with PCR-RFLP. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to assess the MMP-9 and TIMP-2 expression in tumors and adjacent healthy tissues. Variant genotype (TT) for rs3918242 polymorphism and rs8179090 variant genotype are not associated with bladder cancer risk. rs3918242 genotype was significantly associated with tumor invasion. In contrast with this, rs8179090 genotype has not shown a significant association with tumor invasion. Both SNPs did not show a significant association with metastatic status. MMP-9 was upregulated in tumors in comparison to cancer free tissues. Significant increase in the expression of MMP-9 was also observed in invasive tumors. TIMP-2 expression was significantly increased in tumors in comparison to cancer free tissues and in metastatic tumors in comparison to non-metastatic tumors. Tissues with rs3918242 variant genotype have shown increased MMP-9 expression.  rs3918242 promoter polymorphism of MMP-9 is significantly associated with tumor invasion, however; there is no positive correlation between TIMP-2 rs8179090 promoter polymorphism variant frequency and invasion. MMP-9 and TIMP-2 genes are upregulated in cancerous tissues when compared to normal bladder tissues.

Changes in nitric oxide levels in striated muscles of rats following different types of death.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide is a signal molecule regulating the organism functions in living bodies. The aim of this study was to investigate the NO levels of striated muscles after different types of death in rats. METHODS: Nitric oxide levels in the muscles of masseter, triceps, and quadriceps obtained from right and left sides of 24 Spraque-Dawley rats following death were investigated. The rats were divided into three groups as cervical dislocation (control) group, electric shock group, and drowning group. After applying a light anesthesia, the rats were killed by cervical dislocation, electric shock and drowning. The samples were taken immediately and 120 minutes after death. RESULTS: In all muscle types of all groups, NO concentrations were lower in samples obtained 120 minutes after death than in those obtained immediately after death. NO concentrations were lower in the electric shock and drowning group than in the control group for both times. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the type of death may affect the occurrence of rigor mortis and NO measurement may give an important clue in evaluation the mode of death.