ABSTRACT
Fundamento: O infarto do miocárdio é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo, e 13,2% dos pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda apresentam coronárias sem obstrução significativa, denominada MINOCA (do inglês Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery, Infarto do Miocárdio sem Doença Coronariana Obstrutiva). Apesar do MINOCA ter evolução mais favorável que o infarto do miocárdio por obstrução coronariana, seu prognóstico não é benigno. A ressonância magnética cardíaca é o exame que apresenta importância no diagnóstico das diversas causas de MINOCA, e seu valor prognóstico não está completamente elucidado. Objetivo: Avaliar o valor prognóstico da ressonância magnética cardíaca na detecção de eventos adversos maiores em pacientes com MINOCA. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva por meio de coleta de dados de pacientes admitidos na urgência de pacientes com hospital terciário, diagnosticados com MINOCA, no período de 2012 a 2019. Resultados: Foram avaliados 179 pacientes com seguimento médio de 45 ± 21 meses, sendo 52% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 57,3 ± 15,5 anos. Observou-se incidência de eventos adversos maiores de 17,9%. A taxa de mortalidade ao final do acompanhamento foi de 3,8%. Na análise multivariada, apenas a ressonância magnética cardíaca com resultado normal se mostrou como preditor independente de bom prognóstico (hazard ratio: 0,09; intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,01- 0,88; p = 0,04), com curva de Kaplan-Meier apresentando diferença significativa (log-rank x2 = 9,83; p = 0,02) na predição de eventos adversos maiores. Conclusão: A ressonância magnética cardíaca normal mostrou-se como variável independente de bom prognóstico nessa população, podendo ser útil na estratificação de risco de pacientes com MINOCA.
Background: Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and 13.2% of patients with acute coronary syndrome have normal or unobstructed coronary arteries, called MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for investigating the etiology of acute coronary syndrome. Although MINOCA has a more benign evolution than myocardial infarction due to coronary obstruction, its prognostic factors are not completely elucidated. Objective: To evaluate prognosis, predictive factors and describe the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with MINOCA. Methods: Prospective cohort through data collection of patients admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital, diagnosed with MINOCA from 2012 to 2019. The mean follow-up was 45 months, the outcomes considered were: death, rehospitalization due to cardiac causes, recurrence of chest pain, myocardial revascularization (MACE).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Hypertension/complications , Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Multivariate Analysis , Cohort Studies , Outcome Assessment, Health CareABSTRACT
O infarto agudo do miocárdio pós-trauma torácico fechado (IAM pós-TTF) é complicação rara, potencialmente fatal e muitas vezes não reconhecida. A lesão cardíaca é diagnosticada em menos de 10 por cento dos traumas torácicos fechados. A literatura médica é escassa quando se trata de IAM pós-TTF, carecendo de um protocolo fundamentado que oriente na sua identificação. Apresentamos dois casos de IAM pós-TTF em pacientes jovens, previamente hígidos, sem fatores de risco para doença arterial coronariana. Mediante a revisão de literatura, discutimos os meios diagnósticos e a orientação terapêutica. Concluímos que o médico emergencista deve estar atento para a possibilidade de IAM em pacientes vítimas de TTF, independentemente da intensidade do trauma.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a rare, potentially fatal and often unrecognized complication of blunt thoracic trauma (BTT). Heart injury is diagnosed in less than 10% of all cases of blunt thoracic trauma. Medical literature is scarce in publications about AMI caused by BTT (AMI-BTT). There is no specific protocol on this issue. We describe two cases of AMI-BTT in young patients who were previously healthy and with no risk factors for coronary artery disease. The diagnostic tools and therapeutic approach are discussed based on a literature review. We conclude that the emergency physician should be alert for the possibility of AMI in victims of BTT, regardless of the intensity of the trauma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Thoracic Injuries/complications , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications , Coronary Angiography , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Myocardial Infarction/therapyABSTRACT
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a rare, potentially fatal and often unrecognized complication of blunt thoracic trauma (BTT). Heart injury is diagnosed in less than 10% of all cases of blunt thoracic trauma. Medical literature is scarce in publications about AMI caused by BTT (AMI-BTT). There is no specific protocol on this issue. We describe two cases of AMI-BTT in young patients who were previously healthy and with no risk factors for coronary artery disease. The diagnostic tools and therapeutic approach are discussed based on a literature review. We conclude that the emergency physician should be alert for the possibility of AMI in victims of BTT, regardless of the intensity of the trauma.
Subject(s)
Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Thoracic Injuries/complications , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications , Adult , Coronary Angiography , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Humans , Male , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Myocardial Infarction/therapyABSTRACT
We report the case of a 62-year-old man with massive pulmonary embolism and severe hemodynamic impairment. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography was fundamental in confirming the diagnosis by direct visualization of intra-atrial thrombus and signs of right chamber overload. It allowed prompt administration of thrombolytic drug and follow-up monitoring. Doppler echocardiography is a non-invasive, available technique and its early application should be considered in the evaluation of patients with suspected massive pulmonary embolism.
