Severe insulin resistance syndrome - A rare case report and review of literature.

Insulin Resistance syndromes (IR's), are a group of genetic disorders caused due a functional defect in chromosome 19p13. It is an autosomal recessive condition. Donohue Syndrome was initially described by Donohue and Uchida in 1948 and 1954, a case of sisters born to parents with a first-degree consanguineous marriage. Infants presented with typical facial features that resembled the Leprechaun elves of Irish fairy tales. The following is a report of a rare case of dental complications of Severe Insulin Resistance Syndrome. An eight year old female child, with characteristic features of severe insulin resistance syndrome, reported to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, presenting with cariously destructed molars and a previous history of dental treatment under local anaesthesia. Given her condition, it was decided to reduce the multiple appointments, to one appointment with all procedures done under general anaesthesia. The following case report discusses the advantages, disadvantages and post operative complications faced when forming a treatment strategy for Severe Insulin Resistance Syndrome.

Scaffolds--The Ground for Regeneration: A Narrative Review.

AIM: The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the various biomaterials used as scaffolds, rates of biodegradability of natural, artificial and composite hybrid scaffolds, and the role of controlled biodegradability in tissue engineering. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search for systematic review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Cochrane (www.cochrane.org), Scopus (www.scopus.com) databases, and dental journals related to endodontics and pediatric dentistry to identify the research investigations associated with the degradation profiles, factors relating to degradation, rates of biodegradability and the role of controlled biodegradability of natural, artificial and composite scaffolds. A sample of 17 relevant studies and case reports were identified in our search of 100 using simple random sampling. RESULTS: Naturally derived scaffolds degrade at a much higher rate than artificial and composite scaffolds. The degradation profiles of composite scaffolds can be much better controlled than naturally derived scaffolds. CONCLUSION: Composite scaffolds are more favorable as compared to natural or artificial scaffolds, as it has superior mechanical properties, minimal immune response, and a controlled rate of degradation and consequent tissue regeneration.

A comprehensive oral and dental management of an epileptic and intellectually deteriorated adolescent.

Epilepsy along with intellectual deterioration and other neurological disorders can have social, physical, and psychological consequences, especially, when they begin in childhood. Moreover, the seizure episode along with mental deterioration may compromise the oral and dental care resulting in numerous decayed teeth. This report presents the case history of an adolescent with poor oral hygiene and numerous decayed teeth. This report also presents the comprehensive endodontic, surgical, and prosthodontic management of epileptic mentally challenged patient in the dental office. Epilepsy along with intellectual deterioration and other neurological disorders can have social, physical, and psychological consequences, especially, when they begin in childhood. Moreover, the seizure episode along with mental deterioration may compromise the oral and dental care resulting in numerous decayed teeth. This report presents the case history of an adolescent with poor oral hygiene and numerous decayed teeth. This report also presents the comprehensive endodontic, surgical, and prosthodontic management of epileptic mentally challenged patient in the dental office.

Pattern and prevalence of maxillofacial fractures in rural children of central maharashtra, India. A retrospective study.

The aim of this study was to review the pattern and prevalence of maxillofacial fractures occurring in rural children, at Rural Dental College and Hospital, Loni, Central Maharashtra, India. A retrospective analysis of patient records and radiographs was conducted during the 5 year period between January 2005 and December 2010. Data were identified and analysed based on age group, gender and anatomic site. During the 5 year period, 156 patients with 163 maxillofacial fractures were reviewed, males formed 70 % and females formed 30 % of studied population with the peak incidence rate occurring in 10-12-year old age group. The most common fracture site in maxilla was dentoalveolar component (70 %) and in mandible common fracture site was condyle (40.9 %). Of the fractures, 43 % were from accidental fall, 24.3 % from assaults, 16 % from road traffic accidents, 13.5 % from sporting injuries and 3.2 % from other causes such as animal injuries. Our results exhibit that accidental falls were the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures, and males were three times more affected than females. There is variation of incidence and pattern of maxillofacial injuries from region to region.