Roundness of epithelial nuclei in bronchial mucosa.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the shape of epithelial nuclei in bronchial mucosa. STUDY DESIGN: Bronchoscopic mucosal samples from 12 patients with chronic bronchitis and 14 patients with squamous cell bronchial carcinoma were routinely processed and stained with the hematoxylin and eosin method. Fields with stratification and squamous metaplasia were selected. The roundness of epithelial nuclei was estimated using Lucia, version 3.51 ab, with an objective of 40:1 (NA = 0.65) and final magnification of 1,900:1. The images were manually edited. Roundness was calculated from area and perimeter. RESULTS: The mean roundness in stratification and squamous metaplasia in bronchial mucosa from carcinoma patients (0.90 +/- 0.04) was significantly greater than in bronchial mucosa from chronic bronchitis patients (0.80 +/- 0.006) (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that cell nuclei in stratification and squamous metaplasia in patients without bronchial cancer are more elongated than nuclei found under the same conditions in patients with squamous cell carcinoma.

Population projections, 1991-2021.

"This information presents initial assumptions and analyzes basic results of the latest population projections for Yugoslavia, and its constituent republics and provinces, by age and sex, for the period 1991-2021, which were prepared during 1995 through co-operation of the Federal Statistical Office and the Demographic Research Centre of the Institute of Social Sciences, and were published in 1996." The projections concern only the two republics that make up present-day Yugoslavia, that is Montenegro and Serbia (with its two regions of Vojvodina, and Kosovo and Metohija).

[The natural population increase in Serbia by settlements, 1991]. / Podrucja Srbije bez prirodnog prirastaja stanovnistva. Analiza po naseljima za 1991. godinu.

PIP: Population trends in the Yugoslav republic of Serbia are analyzed for the period 1948-1991 using census data. The author notes that the population continued to grow over this period, primarily through natural increase rather than migration. The rate of growth, however, has declined over time. There are also significant differences among Serbia's three main regions: although the population of Vojvodina and central Serbia has begun to decline, the populations of Kosovo and Metohija have grown faster over time. (SUMMARY IN ENG)^ieng

Population of FR Yugoslavia by age and sex.

PIP: Changes in the age and sex distribution of what is now Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) are analyzed over the period from 1921 to 1991 using census data.^ieng

[The relationship between migration and age structure]. / Odnos migracija i starosne strukture stanovnistva.

The author examines and compares the relationship between migration and age distribution in Yugoslavia using data for the populations of Kosovo and Vojvodina. "It is shown that in both cases migration had the same direction of effect (rejuvenation of the total population), but that the importance of the migration component in changing the age structure was less in Vojvodina than in Kosovo.... An examination is made of the influence of migration on changes in the age structure by way of an effect on fertility...." Data concern the period 1968-1981. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Natality.

PIP: Recent fertility trends in Yugoslavia are outlined. Consideration is given to changes in fertility since World War II, fertility differentials by national group and between agricultural and nonagricultural populations, fertility outside marriage, infant mortality, and birth order.^ieng

Cysticercosis cerebri involving the lateral ventricle.

Cysticercosis cerebri involving the lateral ventricle is very rare. Two cases with such localization are presented. One of the patients, with occlusion of the foramen of Monro, was successfully treated by operation. A larval form in the lateral ventricle was revealed incidentally at autopsy in the second patient after rupture of a large basilar artery aneurysm.

[Mechanisms of adaptive regulation of complex motor systems (regulation with respect to position and acceleration)]. / Mekhanizmy adaptivnogo upravleniia slozhnymi dvigatel'nymi sistemami (upravlenie po polozheniiu i uskoreniiu).

Possible mechanisms of adaptive control over human and animal motor systems are described for the case when the information about position or movement acceleration of its parts is used. A model of the control system with the standard which functions in two modes of operations is treated. The first mode is distinguished by measured control signal leaps used for the identification of a system state and for a further movement correction and precise definition of active muscle composition. The second mode is characterized by the estimation of movement direction only, in case when a certain value of a regulated parameter is maintained or reached. Some problems of the control over a multilinked system are also discussed.

[Use of the prompt identification principle in controlling complex motor systems (speed control)]. / Primenenie printsipa srochnoi identifikatsii v upravlenii slozhnymi dvigatel'nymi sistemami (upravlenie po skorosti).

Some aspects of the adaptive control of animal motor system described in the form of differential equations system were discussed. It was considered that the system of motor control is a multilevel one in which each level has a definite range of correction capacity for movement deviations. Since the time of the sensory signal passing over the control nervous loop is comparable with the duration of the movement controlled, a mechanism of the fast adaptation to a nonstationary situation was suggested. This mechanism is based on the principle of urgent identification of the motor system state at the moment of movement initiation. Urgent identification occurs by means of estimating of the motor system reaction to a small precisely measured motor signal (test-impulse), which was generated simultaneously with the basic motor command outflow but reached the spinal motor structures more quickly. The mathematical description of the urgent identification principle performance in the motor control in the case of velocity estimating was suggested.