Preventing and treating anterior commissure adhesion with mucosal flap: a study in canines and clinical cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of mucosal flap combined with silicone keel for preventing and treating anterior commissure adhesion in canines and clinical cases. Methods: A prospective experiment was performed from November 2019 to June 2021. Twenty five canines were randomly divided into 5 groups(A, B, C, D, E). Group A, B, C, D received anterior commissure injury by CO2 laser, then separately treated with free mucosal flap-keel complex,intralaryngeal mucosal flap-keel complex, silicone keels and without treatment, group E didn't injure the vocal cord after intubation. The keel was removed after 2 weeks, the larynx was harvested after 4 weeks. The effectiveness of anterior commissure adhesion prevention was evaluated by manifestation under laryngoscope, standard vocal cord length and standard glottic area. A retrospective analysis was performed on sixteen patients with anterior commissure lesion, who underwent mucosal flap-keel technique in Huashan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2019 to January 2021 (10 cases with free mucosal flap-keel complex and 6 cases with intralaryngeal mucosal flap-keel complex). All the patients underwent evaluation of laryngeal function included manifestation under laryngoscope each month and voice analysis before and 3 month after surgery. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: No surgery accident or complication happened in canines and patients. The standard vocal cord length and standard glottic area after 4 weeks in group B were significantly higher than those in group A, C, D (Hstandard vocal cord length=31.688, Hstandard glottic area=16.444, P<0.05). The standard vocal cord length and standard glottic area after 4 weeks in group A were also significantly higher than those in group C, D(Hstandard vocal cord length=20.936, Hstandard glottic area=11.786, P<0.05). The standard vocal cord length and standard glottic area after 4 weeks in group A, B, E were not significantly different to that before surgery(tA left standard vocal cord length=2.636, tA right standard vocal cord length=2.582, tB left standard vocal cord length=2.707, tB right standard vocal cord length=2.673, tE left standard vocal cord length=0.370, tE right standard vocal cord length=0.821, tA standard glottic area=2.731, tB standard glottic area=2.753, tE standard glottic area=-0.529, P>0.05). The standard vocal cord length and standard glottic area after 4 weeks in group C, D were significantly lower than those before surgery(tC left standard vocal cord length=16.137, tC right standard vocal cord length=13.984, tD left standard vocal cord length=11.903, tD right standard vocal cord length=14.587, tC standard glottic area=10.280, tD standard glottic area=22.974, P<0.05). During 6-18 months of follow-up in clinical patients, no one developed a glottic web. Three months after surgery, Jitter, Shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio(NHR), the maximum phonation time(MPT)in all patients were significantly different from preoperative(tintralaryngeal mucosal flap jitter=24.885, tintralaryngeal mucosal flap shimmer=22.643, tintralaryngeal mucosal flap NHR=6.202, tintralaryngeal mucosal flap MPT=-9.661, tfree mucosal flap jitter=25.459, tfree mucosal flap shimmer=18.683, tfree mucosal flap NHR=5.705, tfree mucosal flap MPT=-20.840, P<0.05). Conclusion: Mucosal flap combined with silicone keel is an effective technique for preventing and treating anterior commissure adhesion. The effect of pedicled intralaryngea lmucosal flap is better.

Sound Detection Monitoring Tool in CNC Milling Sounds by K-Means Clustering Algorithm.

Computer numerical control (CNC) is a machine used in the manufacturing industry to produce components quickly for the engineering field or the desired shape. In the milling process carried out by CNC machines, sometimes vibrations occur that cause unwanted cracks or damage, which if left unchecked, will cause more severe damage. For this reason, this study describes how to monitor and analyze the sound produced by CNC during the milling process. This study uses six sound sample videos from YouTube, and there are two modes: (1) the operating mode is three different shapes with XY, XZ, and XYZ axes, and the second (2) is based on material differences. Namely, wood, Styrofoam, and plastic. The sound generated from all samples of the CNC milling processes will be detected using a sound detection program that has been designed in the LabVIEW using a simple microphone. The resulting sound frequency will be analyzed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) process in spectral measurements, which will produce the amplitude and frequency of the detected sound in real time in the form of a graph. All frequency results that have been obtained from the sound detection monitoring tool in the CNC milling machine will be imported into the K-means clustering algorithm where the different frequencies between the resonant frequency and noise will be classified. Based on the experiments conducted, the sound detection program can detect sounds with a significant level of sensitivity.

Development and validation of a penumbra-based predictive model for thrombolysis outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients.

The use of thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke is restricted to a small proportion of patients because of the rigid 4·5-h window. With advanced imaging-based patient selection strategy, rescuing penumbra is critical to improving clinical outcomes. In this study, we included 155 acute ischemic stroke patients (84 patients in training dataset, age from 43 to 80, 59 males; 71 patients in validation dataset, age from 36 to 80, 45 males) who underwent MR scan within the first 9-h after onset, from 7 independent centers. Based on the mismatch concept, penumbra and core area were identified and quantitatively analyzed. Moreover, predictive models were developed and validated to provide an approach for identifying patients who may benefit from thrombolytic therapy. Predictive models were constructed, and corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated to explore their performances in predicting clinical outcomes. Additionally, the models were validated using an independent dataset both on Day-7 and Day-90. Significant correlations were detected between the mismatch ratio and clinical assessments in both the training and validation datasets. Treatment option, baseline systolic blood pressure, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, mismatch ratio, and three regional radiological parameters were selected as biomarkers in the combined model to predict clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients. With the external validation, this predictive model reached AUCs of 0·863 as short-term validation and 0·778 as long-term validation. This model has the potential to provide quantitative biomarkers that aid patient selection for thrombolysis either within or beyond the current time window.

The diagnostic value of laryngeal electromyography in vocal fold paralysis and arytenoid dislocation / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To identify diagnostic value of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) in differentiating vocal fold paralysis (VFP) from arytenoid dislocation.@*METHODS@#The history, laryngeal morphologic characteristics and LEMG of 36 patients with VFP and 10 patients with arytenoid dislocation were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The most common cause of 36 VFP patients was surgical damage (24 cases), and the most common cause of 10 arytenoid dislocation patients was history of endotracheal intubation (9 cases). There was no statistical difference between the vocal fold and the fixed position of the vocal fold between the group of VFP patients and arytenoid dislocation patients. In the patients with VFP, 33 VFP patients (91.67%) had decreased recruitment; 9 cases (9/13) of denervation potential and 8 cases (8/9) of regeneration potential occurred within 1-6 months of the course of disease; 3 cases (3/4) of synkinesis occurred in the course of disease more than 6 months. In the patients with VFP, the amplitude (<0.01) and turns (<0.05) of thyroarytenoid muscles significantly decreased in the lesioned side comparing to the normal one, but the turns/amplitude ratio showed no statistical difference. In the patients with superior laryngeal nerve injury, the turns and amplitude analysis of cricothyroid muscles showed no statistical difference. All of 10 patients with arytenoid dislocation showed normal LEMG patterns.@*CONCLUSIONS@#LEMG can be used to differentiate the patients with vocal cord paralysis from arthrodesis dislocation, and can also carry out quantitative analysis to provide valuable help for the diagnosis.

The Adverse Effect of the 2-1-1 Regimen for Rabies PEP in Preschool Children / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has proved to be the most important measure for rabies prevention and control. There is little information regarding adverse reactions to the Essen and 2-1-1 regimens in preschool children (aged 0-6). We reexamined the outcomes of 1,109 preschool children who were vaccinated using SPEEDA under the Essen regimen between January 2011 and December 2012 and 1,267 preschool children under the 2-1-1 regimen between January 2013 and December 2014. We find that, in preschool children, the febrile reaction after the first 2-dose injection in the 2-1-1 regimen was significantly higher than that induced by the first 1-dose in the Essen procedure. Thus, we recommend that the Essen regimen should still be used for rabies PEP in preschool children.

Regional Coherence Alterations Revealed by Resting-State fMRI in Post-Stroke Patients with Cognitive Dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES: Post-stroke cognitive dysfunction greatly influences patients' quality of life after stroke. However, its neurophysiological basis remains unknown. This study utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the alterations in regional coherence in patients after subcortical stroke. METHODS: Resting-state fMRI measurements were acquired from 16 post-stroke patients with poor cognitive function (PSPC), 16 post-stroke patients with good cognitive function (PSGC) and 30 well-matched healthy controls (HC). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to detect alterations in regional coherence. Abnormalities in regional coherence correlated with scores on neuropsychological scales. RESULTS: Compared to the HC and the PSGC, the PSPC showed remarkably decreased ReHo in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and the left posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. ReHo in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex positively correlated with the scores on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (r = 0.399, P = 0.036) and the Complex Figure Test-delayed recall subtest (r = 0.397, P = 0.036) in all post-stroke patients. Moreover, ReHo in the left posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus positively correlated with the scores on the Forward Digit Span Test (r = 0.485, P = 0.009) in all post-stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS: Aberrant regional coherence was observed in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices in post-stroke patients with cognitive dysfunction. ReHo could represent a promising indicator of neurobiological deficiencies in post-stroke patients.

Wall characteristics and mechanisms of ischaemic stroke in patients with atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery stenosis: a high-resolution MRI study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) and determine the relationship between wall characteristics and infarction patterns. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to MCA stenosis underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and HR MRI. Wall characteristics of MCA, including irregular surface, superior location, T2-hyperintense of plaques and positive remodelling (PR), were analysed. Characteristics of acute infarct on DWI were categorised according to the number (single or multiple infarcts) and the pattern of cerebral infarcts (cortical, border zone or perforating artery territory infarcts). The relationship between wall characteristics and infarction patterns was evaluated. RESULTS: PR was observed in 20 patients, irregular surface plaque in 18 patients, superior location of plaques in 14 patients and T2-hyperintense foci in 13 patients. Seventeen patients had multiple acute cerebral infarcts and 13 showed single acute cerebral infarcts. Border zone infarcts were the most common (76.5%) among multiple acute infarcts. Penetrating artery infarcts (PAI) accounted for 76.9% of all single infarcts. Multiple infarcts were more frequently observed in patients with PR (P = 0.007) or plaque surface irregularity (P = 0.035). Single infarcts, especially PAI, were more prevalent in patients with superior plaque (P = 0.030). No statistically significant differences were observed between multiple and single infarcts in patients with T2-hyperintense lesions (P = 0.638). CONCLUSIONS: PR or irregular surface plaques were associated with artery-to-artery embolism. Superior location of plaques was associated with PAI. HR-MRI provides insights into intracranial atherosclerosis in vivo, predictive of infarction patterns.

Enhancement of Virus Replication in An Influenza A Virus NS1-Expresssing 293 Cell Line / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus, which is absent from the viral particle, but highly expressed in infected cells, strongly antagonizes the interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response. We engineered an NS1-expressing 293 (293-NS1) cell line with no response to IFN stimulation. Compared with the parental 293 cells, the IFN-nonresponsive 293-NS1 cells improved the growth capacity of various viruses, but the introduction of NS1 barely enhanced the propagation of Tahyna virus, a negative-strand RNA virus. In particular, fastidious enteric adenovirus that replicates poorly in 293 cells may grow more efficiently in 293-NS1 cells; thus, IFN-nonresponsive 293-NS1 cells might be of great value in diagnostic laboratories for the cultivation and isolation of human enteric adenoviruses.

Aberrant functional connectivity of default-mode network in type 2 diabetes patients.

OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk for dementia. Patients with impaired cognition often show default-mode network disruption. We aimed to investigate the integrity of a default-mode network in diabetic patients by using independent component analysis, and to explore the relationship between network abnormalities, neurocognitive performance and diabetic variables. METHODS: Forty-two patients with type 2 diabetes and 42 well-matched healthy controls were included and underwent resting-state functional MRI in a 3 Tesla unit. Independent component analysis was adopted to extract the default-mode network, including its anterior and posterior components. Z-maps of both sub-networks were compared between the two groups and correlated with each clinical variable. RESULTS: Patients showed increased connectivity around the medial prefrontal cortex in the anterior sub-network, but decreased connectivity around the posterior cingulate cortex in the posterior sub-network. The decreased connectivity in the posterior part was significantly correlated with the score on Complex Figure Test-delay recall test (r = 0.359, p = 0.020), the time spent on Trail-Making Test-part B (r = -0.346, p = 0.025) and the insulin resistance level (r = -0.404, p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Dissociation pattern in the default-mode network was found in diabetic patients, which might provide powerful new insights into the neural mechanisms that underlie the diabetes-related cognitive decline. KEY POINTS: • Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired cognition • Default- mode network plays a central role in maintaining normal cognition • Network connectivity within the default mode was disrupted in type 2 diabetes patients • Decreased network connectivity was correlated with cognitive performance and insulin resistance level • Disrupted default-mode network might explain the impaired cognition in diabetic population.

Study on the B cell linear epitopes of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein / 病毒学报

To study the B cell linear epitopes of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein, peptides were synthesized according to the amino acid sequences of B cell linear epitopes. Linear epitopes predicted by bioinformatics analysis were evaluated with immunological techniques. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that titers of antibodies to peptides (355-369 and 385-400 residues of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein) were above 1:12 800 in mouse sera. The antibodies recognized denatured rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein in Western blot analysis. Purified anti-peptide antibodies recognized natural rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein in BHK-21 cells in indirect fluorescent antibody test. The 355-369 and 385-400 residues of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein were validated as B cell linear epitopes.

Comparative analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms of street rabies virus strains with different virulence levels / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To characterize two strains of street rabies virus (RABV) isolated from the brain tissue of cattle from Inner Mongolia. Differences in the histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the brain tissue of infected mice were determined to reveal variation in the pathogenesis of infection between street rabies virus strains.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten-day-old mice were intracranially inoculated with one of three virus strains and brain tissue harvested when the mice were moribund. Various histopathological and ultrastructural markers of disease were then compared between the groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Infection with the street virus strain CNM1101C resulted in severe neuronal dendrites damage, but only mild cell apoptosis, T lymphocyte infiltration and microglial activation. Infection with the other street virus strain, CNM1103C, was characterized by cell apoptosis, T lymphocyte infiltration and microglial activation as well as dendrites damage. However, in comparison, infection with the attenuated virus strain CTN caused severe T lymphocyte infiltration, microglial activation and cell apoptosis, but left the neuronal dendrites intact.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The two street rabies virus strains isolated from cattle from Inner Mongolia had different levels of virulence and caused distinct pathological changes in infected mice. Therefore, we concluded that different pathogenic mechanisms exist between different RABV strains.</p>

Preparation and initial application of a monoclonal antibody specific for a newly discovered conserved linear epitope of rabies virus nucleoprotein / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare monoclonal antibodies against a newly discovered and conserved linear epitope of Rabies virus nucleoprotein and to use them in a rabies diagnostic test.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Synthetic peptide containing the epitope was used as immunogen to prepare hybridoma cell lines by classical hybridoma technology. Anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies produced in ascites of inoculated Balb/c mice were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) after purification and used in fluorescent antibody test (FAT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two positive hybridoma cell lines, RVNP-mAb1-CL and RVNP-mAb2-CL, were obtained. RVNP- mAb1-CL produced a higher concentration of monoclonal antibody RVNP-mAb1 in Balb/c ascites. FITC-labeled RVNP-mAb1 showed correct results on certain Rabies virus-positive canine brain tissue samples and cells of a small subclone of baby hamster kidney 21 cell line (BSR).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FITC-labeled RVNP-mAb1 has potential application for laboratory diagnosis of rabies.</p>

Improvement of silicon solar cell efficiency by ion beam sputtered deposition of AlOxNy thin films.

Negative charge material, AlOxNy, has been fabricated to passivate the surface of p-type silicon. The fabrication of AlOxNy was possible by using ion beam sputtering deposition to deposit AlN thin film on the surface of a p-type silicon wafer and following annealing in oxygen ambient. Capacitance-voltage analysis shows the fixed charge density has increased from 10(11) cm(-2) to 2.26×10(12) cm(-2) after annealing. The solar cell efficiency increased from 15.9% to 17.3%, which is also equivalent to the reduction of surface recombination velocity from 1×10(5) to 32 cm/s.

The comparison of the WHO standard rabies immunoglobulin and the national standard human rabies immunoglobulin used in the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Compare the difference of the results referred to the WHO standard rabies immunoglobulin and the national standard human rabies immunoglobulin used in the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Setting the WHO standard immunoglobulin and the national standard immunoglobulin in the same system and testing 12 human serum at the same time. Compare the fluorescence percentage of the two different standard immunoglobulin; compare the 12 serum results calculated from the two different standard immunoglobulin used the calculation formula of neutralization antibody titer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Results display that the 50% percent of the two standard immunoglobulin are all between the fifth and the sixth well, but the percentage of the national standard immunoglobulin is lower than the WHO one. The same testserum result calculated from the WHO standard immunoglobulin is little higher than the national one.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is difference in the WHO standard immunoglobulin and the national one, but there is no influence in the results.</p>

The establishment of a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for testing rabies virus neutralizing antibody / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To establish a rapid fluorescent inhibition test (RFFIT) for testing rabies virus neutralizing antibody and the titer of rabies virus neutralizing antibody.CVS-11 was used as the standard challenge virus,and three generations prepared for the establishment of the virus library.Methods International standard for rabies immunoglobulin was used as the reference serum.RFFIT test was established under consulting the protocol of Institute of Pasteur,and its specificity,stability and reproducibility were validated.Results We established the RFFIT which showed both good specificity ( 100% ) and reproducibility (P＞0.5).Conclusion The establishment of RFFIT test perfected the rabies laboratory techniques and would enhance the overall ability in detecting rabies in China.

Modulation of the polarization state of light using a weak anisotropic thin film.

The polarization state of light is modulated by an anisotropic thin film. An anisotropic MgF(2) film is deposited onto a plate that is put in contact with a BK7 prism to form a BK7 prism/film/air configuration. It is shown that the polarization state of reflected light can be easily modulated from a linear state to a circular state by rotating the thin-film plate.

Improved broadband and quasi-omnidirectional anti-reflection properties with biomimetic silicon nanostructures.

Nature routinely produces nanostructured surfaces with useful properties, such as the self-cleaning lotus leaf, the colour of the butterfly wing, the photoreceptor in brittlestar and the anti-reflection observed in the moth eye. Scientists and engineers have been able to mimic some of these natural structures in the laboratory and in real-world applications. Here, we report a simple aperiodic array of silicon nanotips on a 6-inch wafer with a sub-wavelength structure that can suppress the reflection of light at a range of wavelengths from the ultraviolet, through the visible part of the spectrum, to the terahertz region. Reflection is suppressed for a wide range of angles of incidence and for both s- and p-polarized light. The antireflection properties of the silicon result from changes in the refractive index caused by variations in the height of the silicon nanotips, and can be simulated with models that have been used to explain the low reflection from moth eyes. The improved anti-reflection properties of the surfaces could have applications in renewable energy and electro-optical devices for the military.

Optical constant determination of an anisotropic thin film via polarization conversion.

This study presents a simple method for determining the optical constants of an anisotropic thin film. The sensitivity of enhanced polarization conversion reflectance to optical constants is also calculated and analyzed. Based on the sensitivity calculation, the principal indices and columnar tilt angle can be derived from the polarization conversion reflectance angular spectrum.