Leveraging ChatGPT to optimize depression intervention through explainable deep learning.

Introduction: Mental health issues bring a heavy burden to individuals and societies around the world. Recently, the large language model ChatGPT has demonstrated potential in depression intervention. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the viability of ChatGPT as a tool for aiding counselors in their interactions with patients while concurrently evaluating its comparability to human-generated content (HGC). Methods: We propose a novel framework that integrates state-of-the-art AI technologies, including ChatGPT, BERT, and SHAP, to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of mental health interventions. ChatGPT generates responses to user inquiries, which are then classified using BERT to ensure the reliability of the content. SHAP is subsequently employed to provide insights into the underlying semantic constructs of the AI-generated recommendations, enhancing the interpretability of the intervention. Results: Remarkably, our proposed methodology consistently achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 93.76%. We discerned that ChatGPT always employs a polite and considerate tone in its responses. It refrains from using intricate or unconventional vocabulary and maintains an impersonal demeanor. These findings underscore the potential significance of AIGC as an invaluable complementary component in enhancing conventional intervention strategies. Discussion: This study illuminates the considerable promise offered by the utilization of large language models in the realm of healthcare. It represents a pivotal step toward advancing the development of sophisticated healthcare systems capable of augmenting patient care and counseling practices.

Erratum: Subclavian Vein Blood Sampling in Conscious Rats.

This corrects the article 10.3791/66075.

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Benign Vocal Fold Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: There is a link between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and the formation of benign vocal fold lesions (BVFLs). However, previous studies have mainly focused on LPR suggested by symptoms and signs, rather than objectively diagnosed LPR via pharyngeal pH monitoring. We, therefore, conducted a Meta-analysis to evaluate the association between pharyngeal pH monitoring diagnosed LPR and the odds of BVFLs. DATA SOURCES: Relevant observational studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. REVIEW METHODS: We evaluated between-study heterogeneity using the Cochrane Q test and estimated the I2 statistic. Random-effects models were used when significant heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, fixed-effects models were used. RESULTS: Thirteen datasets from 9 studies were included. Among them, 493 were diagnosed with LPR and 344 had BVFLs. LPR was related to a higher odds of BVFLs (odds ratio: 3.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.84-5.76, P < .001) with moderate heterogeneity (P for Cochrane Q test = .006, I2 = 57%). Subgroup analyses showed that the association was similar in studies with only pharyngeal pH monitoring (Restech), with double-probe or 3-site pH monitoring, and with 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (P for subgroup difference = .15). In addition, subgroup analysis showed consistent results in studies from Asia and Europe (P for subgroup analysis = .12), and the association seemed to be consistent for vocal Reinke's edema, nodules, and polyps (P for subgroup difference = .09). CONCLUSION: Pharyngeal pH monitoring diagnosed LPR is associated with the formation of BVFLs.

Subclavian Vein Blood Sampling in Conscious Rats.

There are several established methods for obtaining repeated blood samples from rats, with the most commonly employed methods being lateral tail vein sampling without anesthesia and jugular vein sampling with anesthesia. However, most of these methods require assistance and anesthetic equipment and sometimes pose difficulties in terms of blood collection or the poor quality of blood samples. In addition, these methods of blood collection consume significant time and human resources when repeated blood sampling is required for a large number of rats. This study presents a technique for repetitive blood sampling in non-anesthetized rats by a single proficient individual. Highly satisfactory blood samples can be obtained by puncturing the subclavian vein. The method demonstrated an impressive overall success rate of 95%, with a median time of merely 2 min from rat restraint to the completion of blood collection. Furthermore, performing consecutive blood collections within the designated range does not inflict any harm on the rats. This method is worth promoting for blood collection, especially in large-scale pharmacokinetic studies.

The Effect of Social Network Use on Chinese College Students' Conspicuous Consumption: A Moderated Mediation Model.

This study explored the effects of social networking site use intensity, upward social comparison, and optimism on college students' conspicuous consumption and their mechanisms of action using a sample of Chinese college students. A total of 717 Chinese college students (M = 20.08, SD = 1.44; 73.9% female) completed the Social Network Use Intensity Scale, the Upward Social Comparison Scale, the Life Orientation Test, and the Conspicuous Consumption Scale. The results indicate that (1) the intensity of use of social networking sites significantly positively predicts the conspicuous consumption behavior of college students; (2) upward social comparison plays a mediating role between the intensity of social networking site usage and conspicuous consumption; and (3) optimism moderates the second half of the mediating path between the intensity of social networking site use, upward social comparison, and conspicuous consumption. Specifically, the relationship between upward social comparison and conspicuous consumption among college students with low optimism levels is stronger than that among college students with high levels of optimism. Intensity has a stronger positive effect on conspicuous consumption through upward social comparison. It is concluded that the intensity of college students' use of social networking sites can affect their conspicuous consumption behavior through upward social comparison, and this relationship is moderated by optimism. The results of the study help to reveal the influence of SNS (social networking site) use behavior on conspicuous consumption and its mechanism of action and have implications for reducing the negative impact of conspicuous consumption on college students.

Discrimination of Dioscorea species (Chinese yam) using FT-IR integrated with chemometric approach.

Dioscorea oppositifolia is an important crop and functional food. D. oppositifolia tuber is often adulterated with D. persimilis, D. alata, and D. fordii tuber in the commercial market. This study proposed an integrated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) with chemometric approach to differentiate these four Dioscorea species. A total of 107 Dioscorea spp. tuber samples were collected from different locations in China. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), PCA-Class, and Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were utilised to classify the FT-IR spectra. In this PCA is unable to differentiate the Dioscorea spp. tuber effectively. However, PCA-Class and OPLS-DA can distinguish spp. these 4 species Dioscorea tuber with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Additionally, the RMSEE, RMSEP and RMSECV values for OPLS-DA model were low, showing that it is a good model. The combination of FT-IR with the PCA-Class and OPLS-DA is practical in discriminating Dioscorea spp. tubers.

Burden or empowerment? A double-edged sword model of the efficacy of parental involvement in the academic performance of chinese adolescents.

It has been traditionally thought that children can obtain resources that promote their academic performance through their parents' involvement. However, in reality, parents' involvement in their children's education may threaten children with an excessive academic burden. This study argues that parental involvement is both empowering and burdensome for children and proposes a model in which parental involvement is a double-edged sword. The model entails two paths, one in which learning constitutes a burden and another in which learning leads to empowerment. Based on a survey of 647 adolescents, a structural equation model is used to test this hypothesis. The results suggest that parental involvement can negatively impact academic performance because children feel more stressed as a result of the increase in academic expectations; parental involvement also has a positively impact on academic performance because of an increase in children's engagement in learning. The above results provide some practical guidance for parents' involvement in their children's education. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04589-y.

Clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes of medication therapy management services: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Medication therapy management (MTM) services is a method that can effectively improve patients' conditions, but the efficacy of economic and humanistic outcomes remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to use economic, clinical and humanistic outcomes to evaluate the multi-benefits of MTM services. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by retrieving PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrial.gov from the inception to April 2022. There were two reviewers screening the records, extracting the data, and assessing the quality of studies independently. Results: A total of 81 studies with 60,753 participants were included. MTM services were more effective in clinical outcomes with decreasing the rate of readmission (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.83; I2 = 56%), emergency department visit (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.96; I2 = 32%), adverse drug events (All-cause: OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.84; I2 = 61%; SAE: OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.79; I2 = 35%) and drug-related problems (MD: -1.37; 95% CI: -2.24 to -0.5; I2 = 95%), reducing the length of stay in hospital (MD: -0.74; 95% CI: -1.37 to -0.13; I2 = 70%), while the economic and humanistic outcomes were less effective. Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that MTM services had great ability to improve patients' clinical conditions while the efficacy of economic and humanistic outcomes, with some of the outcomes showing high degree of heterogeneity and possible publication bias, required more future studies to provide stronger evidence. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=349050], identifier [CRD42022349050].

A high precision surface potential imaging torsion pendulum facility to investigate physical mechanism of patch effect.

The physical mechanism of the patch effect is still an open question. Thus, a high-precision surface potential mapping facility based on a specially designed electrostatically-controlled torsion pendulum is proposed in this paper. The facility not only features high sensitivity and a two-dimensional mapping function but also adapts to various measurement requirements for centimeter-sized samples. The sensitivity of the torsion pendulum reaches about 2.0 × 10-14 N m/Hz1/2 in a frequency range of 1-8 mHz. The temporal variation of the surface potential can be detected at a level of 30 µV/Hz1/2 with a probe whose surface area is 7 mm2. The potential spatial distribution resolution comes to 0.1 mm2 at a level of 40 µV with 1 h integration time.

The Relationship between Competitive Class Climate and Cyberloafing among Chinese Adolescents: A Curvilinear Moderated Mediation Model.

Since COVID-19 was officially listed as a pandemic, online schooling has become a more pervasive form of learning, and cyberloafing has become a widespread behavior, even among adolescents. However, less research has explored the influencing mechanism of adolescents' cyberloafing. Based on relevant studies and the real lives of adolescents, this study aimed to examine the association between a competitive class climate and cyberloafing among adolescents, its underlying mechanism, the mediating role of perceived stress and the moderating role of self-esteem. A total of 686 adolescents were recruited to complete a set of questionnaires assessing cyberloafing, perceived stress, self-esteem, and perceived competitive class climate. The results showed that a competitive class climate was positively associated with perceived stress, and the U-shaped relationship between perceived stress and cyberloafing was significant. Perceived stress mediated the relationship between a competitive class climate and cyberloafing. Meanwhile, self-esteem moderated the U-shaped relationship between perceived stress and cyberloafing and the linear relationship between a competitive class climate and perceived stress. The results of this study indicate that the influence of a competitive class climate on individual learning behavior may be nonlinear, and proper competition can contribute to reducing individual cyberloafing.

Multiple beneficial outcomes of medication therapy management interventions in randomized control trials and non-randomized control trials: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Medication therapy management (MTM) service is an effective method to reduce medication-related problems and improve patients' multiple kinds of outcomes. However, the lack of comprehensive review for MTM services has hindered its development. As a result, we are aiming to evaluate the current benefits of MTM services with multiple outcomes. METHOD: An electronic search will be performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non-randomized control trials (NRCTs) that reported MTM services or pharmaceutical services as interventions from PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and ClinicalTrial. gov. The odds ratios, mean differences, and standard mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals (95% confidence intervals) will be calculated with fixed or random effect models. RESULTS: This study will evaluate the multiple benefits of MTM services in clinical endpoints, quality of life, economy, and drug-related problems. CONCLUSION: The results will review eligible studies released in the past twenty years and provide more comprehensive evidence of the efficacy of MTM services. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not applicable for this study.

Sleep postures monitoring based on capacitively coupled electrodes and deep recurrent neural networks.

BACKGROUND: Capacitively coupled electrode (CC electrode), as a non-contact and unobtrusive technology for measuring physiological signals, has been widely applied in sleep monitoring scenarios. The most common implementation is capacitive electrocardiogram (cECG) that could provide useful clinical information for assessing cardiac function and detecting cardiovascular diseases. In the current study, we sought to explore another potential application of cECG in sleep monitoring, i.e., sleep postures recognition. METHODS: Two sets of experiments, the short-term experiment, and the overnight experiment, were conducted. The cECG signals were measured by a smart mattress based on flexible CC electrodes and sleep postures were recorded simultaneously. Then, a classifier model based on a deep recurrent neural network (RNN) was proposed to distinguish sleep postures (supine, left lateral and right lateral). To verify the reliability of the proposed model, leave-one-subject-out cross-validation was introduced. RESULTS: In the short-term experiment, the overall accuracy of 96.2% was achieved based on 30-s segment, while the overall accuracy was 88.8% using one heart beat segment. For the unconstrained overnight experiment, the accuracy of 91.0% was achieved based on 30-s segment, while the accuracy was 81.4% using one heart beat segment. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cECG could render valuable information about sleep postures detection and potentially be helpful for sleep disorder diagnosis.

Insight of a Metabolic Prognostic Model to Identify Tumor Environment and Drug Vulnerability for Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Metabolic reprogramming is a novel method for the treatment of malignant tumors. The exploration of metabolism procedures between radiosensitive and radioresistant tumors may provide novel perspectives for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients after radiation therapy. In our study, metabolic reprogramming and immune response changes were found between radioresistant cell line (A549RR) and its parent cells (A549) using gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Nucleotide/amino acid, lipid, and glucose metabolic process, including Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Tryptophan/Tyrosine metabolism, Butanoate metabolism, Purine/Pyrimidine metabolism, were screened out. Then molecular signatures database and The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) lung adenocarcinoma datasets were used to identify metabolism-related genes (MRGs) between radiosensitive and radioresistant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. A metabolism-based prognostic model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and nomogram were constructed using Metabolism Score calculated by 14 metabolism-related genes (MRGs). Three independent public datasets, (GSE72094, GSE3141, GSE8894) and one immunotherapy cohort (IMvigor210) were used as external validation cohorts. Expression of 14 hub genes in cells, normal and LUAD specimens were explored by Human Protein Atlas, TIMER2.0 and RT-qPCR. Patients with low-Metabolism Scores were correlated with longer survival times, higher response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), different immune cell infiltrations and drug vulnerability. Our study demonstrated a comprehensive landscape between radiosensitive and radioresistant LUAD, and provide novel targets for NSCLC, especially those patients received radiation therapy. Moreover, this metabolism-based prognostic model may help to investigate connections between radiosensitivity, immune response, metabolic reprogramming, and patients' prognosis.

CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 5 is an RNA-binding protein controlling plant immunity via an RNA processing complex.

Plant innate immunity is capable of combating diverse and ever evolving pathogens. The plasticity of innate immunity could be boosted by RNA processing. Arabidopsis thaliana CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 5 (CPR5), a key negative immune regulator, is a component of the nuclear pore complex. Here we further identified CPR5 as a component of RNA processing complexes. Through genetic screening, we found that RNA splicing activator NineTeen Complex and RNA polyadenylation factor CLEAVAGE AND POLYADENYLATION SPECIFICITY FACTOR, coordinately function downstream of CPR5 to activate plant immunity. CPR5 and these two regulators form a complex that is localized in nuclear speckles, an RNA processing organelle. Intriguingly, we found that CPR5 is an RNA-binding protein belonging to the Transformer 2 (Tra2) subfamily of the serine/arginine-rich family. The RNA recognition motif of CPR5 protein binds the Tra2-targeted RNA sequence in vitro and is functionally replaceable by those of Tra2 subfamily proteins. In planta, it binds RNAs of CPR5-regulated alternatively spliced genes (ASGs) identified by RNA-seq. ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) is one of the ASGs and, consistent with this, the ago1 mutant suppresses the cpr5 phenotype. These findings reveal that CPR5 is an RNA-binding protein linking RNA processing with plant immunity.

COVID-19 vaccination intention: The combined role of pathogen disgust and trust in government.

The present study aimed to investigate the joint effect of pathogen disgust and trust in government on COVID-19 vaccination intention and to examine the mediating role of COVID-19 worry. The data was collected from July to September 2021 in mainland China by using Questionnaire Star, 2,244 valid cases were obtained among a total of 2,251 participants investigated, with an effective rate of 89.37%. The results indicated the following: (1) Individuals' COVID-19 vaccination intention was significantly higher when "congruence was high" than when "congruence was low", given comparable levels of pathogen disgust and trust in government. (2) There were no significant differences in individual COVID-19 vaccination intention with incongruence levels of pathogen disgust and trust in government. (3) The combination of pathogen disgust and trust in government can influence COVID-19 vaccination intention through COVID-19 worry. Findings illustrate that individuals with high trust in government and pathogen disgust have higher intentions. Trust in government and pathogen disgust positively predicted COVID-19 worry and reinforced individuals' intention to COVID-19 vaccination. The results have important implications for the future prevention and control of the new coronavirus, as well as providing a new perspective on COVID-19 vaccination intentions.

Do mothers treat children who are similar to them better? The relation between maternal-adolescent neuroticism congruence and a punitive parenting style.

Parenting style is the relatively stable behaviors parents display during the childrearing process. It is an important factor in children's socialization and the mother-child relationship. The present study aimed to test the relationship between maternal-adolescent neuroticism congruence and a punitive parenting style. A total of 882 Chinese adolescents and their mothers participated in this study. The results showed that maternal-adolescent high-neuroticism congruence was associated with a more punitive parenting style than low-neuroticism congruence. The more incongruent the maternal-adolescent neuroticism was, the less punitive the parenting style. There were moderating effects of adolescent gender on maternal-adolescent neuroticism congruence/incongruence and punitive parenting style. These findings provide a new perspective for exploring the relationship between parent-child interaction and parenting styles.

Pathological and genomic phenotype of second neuroendocrine carcinoma during long-term follow-up after radical radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Second head and neck neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) after radical radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment is rarely reported. The prognosis of second cancer is poor, and our research focuses on finding a breakthrough in the treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and to identify the genomic landscape of second head and neck NECs. METHODS: We collected five second head and neck NEC cases in the recent three years from our patient database. Clinicopathological data and images were obtained. Genomic analysis was performed using high-throughput second generation sequencing. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses between high-frequency mutations were performed using the STRING database. RESULTS: All patients had been diagnosed with second NEC, according to the pathological observations. The interval between diagnosis of NPC and NEC ranged from 10 to 18 years. Two patients had brain or liver metastasis at three and nine months, respectively, after the diagnosis of NEC. Three patients died of the disease with the overall survival time ranging from three to nine months. Commonly altered genes (50%) in second head and neck NECs included TP53, RB1, NOTCH2, PTEN, POLG, KMT2C, U2AF1, EPPK1, ELAC2, DAXX, COL22A1, and ABL1. Those genetic lesions might affect p53 signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, sphingolipid signaling, and neurotrophin signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Second head and neck NECs had poor prognosis. We revealed, for the first time, the mutational landscape, high-frequency somatic mutations, and potential signaling pathways of second head and neck NECs. Its optimal treatment model needs to be further studied in future clinical trials.

A review of wearable and unobtrusive sensing technologies for chronic disease management.

With the rapidly increasing number of patients with chronic disease, numerous recent studies have put great efforts into achieving long-term health monitoring and patient management. Specifically, chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease and brain disease can threaten patients' health conditions over a long period of time, thus effecting their daily lives. Vital health parameters, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO2 and blood pressure, are closely associated with patients’ conditions. Wearable devices and unobtrusive sensing technologies can detect such parameters in a convenient way and provide timely predictions on health condition deterioration by tracking these biomedical signals and health parameters. In this paper, we review current advancements in wearable devices and unobtrusive sensing technologies that can provides possible tools and technological supports for chronic disease management. Current challenges and future directions of related techniques are addressed accordingly.

Flexible Electrodes based Smart Mattress for Non-Contact Cardiac Signals Measurement.

For more convenient use in sleep monitoring than conventional electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement systems, a mattress that could measure ECG signal and ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal through clothes was designed. Three electrodes made of silver fiber conductive fabric were embedded in this mattress, which make it very comfortable and it does not disturb user's sleep. In addition to the mattress, the proposed system contains a signal acquisition module, and a data transmission module and a user interface. To reduce the effect of surrounding electromagnetic radiation to the two signal sensing electrodes, two equipotential shielding layers are placed under them respectively. The proposed system was verified by an experiment of ECG signal and BCG signal measurement, where reference ECG signal was measured by Ag/AgCl electrodes synchronously. The result shows that both ECG signal and BCG signal were measured by the proposed system through clothes successfully. Compared with the reference signal, both R-R intervals and J-J intervals extracted have high correlation coefficients, which are 0.988 and 0.963 respectively, and also have small errors (the root mean square errors are 3.64ms and 6.39ms respectively). Furthermore, the proposed system may be used to measure blood pressure indirectly based on ECG signal and BCG signal measured directly.

The Effects of Working Memory and Probability Format on Bayesian Reasoning.

Bayesian reasoning is common and critical in everyday life while the performance on Bayesian reasoning is rather poor. Previous studies showed that people could enhance their performance by applying cognitive resources under the natural frequency format condition. Working memory is one of the crucial cognitive resources in the reasoning process. However, the role of working memory on Bayesian reasoning remains unclear. In our study, we verified the effect of working memory on Bayesian reasoning by evaluating the performance of participants with high and low working memory span (WMS); we also investigated if working memory as a kind of cognitive resource can affect Bayesian reasoning performance by manipulating the cognitive load in a dual-task paradigm among participants with no-, low-, and high-loads. We found the following: (1) The Bayesian reasoning performance of high WMS participants was significantly higher than that of low WMS participants. (2) Performance under natural frequency condition was noticeably higher than that in standard probability condition. (3) Interaction between working memory and probability format was significant, and the performance of participants with high-load in natural frequency condition was higher when compared to those of participants with no- and low-load. Therefore, we can conclude that: (1) Working memory resource is a major factor in Bayesian reasoning. The performance of Bayesian reasoning is influenced by working memory span and working memory load. (2) A Bayesian facilitation effect exists, and replacing the standard probability format with a natural frequency format can significantly improve Bayesian performance. (3) Bayesian facilitation occurs only in participants with sufficient working memory resources.