Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI.

The purpose of this study was to explore the value of resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on the brain extraction tool (BET) algorithm in evaluating the cranial nerve function of patients with delirium in intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 100 patients with delirium in hospital were studied, and 20 healthy volunteers were used as control. All the subjects were examined by MRI, and the images were analyzed by the BET algorithm, and the convolution neural network (CNN) algorithm was introduced for comparison. The application effects of the two algorithms were analyzed, and the differences of brain nerve function between delirium patients and normal people were explored. The results showed that the root mean square error, high frequency error norm, and structural similarity of the BET algorithm were 70.4%, 71.5%, and 0.92, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the CNN algorithm (P < 0.05). Compared with normal people, the ReHo values of pontine, hippocampus (right), cerebellum (left), midbrain, and basal ganglia in delirium patients were significantly higher. ReHo values of frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, parietal lobe, and temporal lobe and anisotropy scores (FA) of cerebellums (left), frontal lobe, temporal lobe (left), corpus callosum, and hippocampus (left) decreased significantly. The average diffusivity (MD) of medial frontal lobe, superior temporal gyrus (right), the first half of cingulate gyrus, bilateral insula, and caudate nucleus (left) increased significantly (P < 0.05). MRI based on the deep learning algorithm can effectively improve the image quality, which is valuable in evaluating the brain nerve function of delirium patients. Abnormal brain structure damage and abnormal function can be used to help diagnose delirium.

Is Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities an Independent Risk Factor of Vertebral Fractures? A Prospective Study From a Chinese Population.

Low bone mineral density (BMD) and microvascular diseases (MVD) share various common risk factors; however, whether MVD is an independent risk factor of vertebral fractures is incompletely understood. The aim of this study is to clarify whether MVD is an independent risk factor of vertebral fractures. In this prospective study, calcaneal BMD and retinal microvascular abnormalities were assessed at baseline from June 2011 to January 2012. A total of 2176 premenopausal women, 2633 postmenopausal women, 2998 men aged <65 years, and 737 men aged ≥65 were included. Then with/without retinal microvascular abnormalities cohorts were followed for an average of 2.93 years to find out the relationship between MVD and vertebral fractures. At the baseline, after full adjustment, retinal microvascular abnormalities were related to risk of low BMD only in men aged ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.506; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.454-4.321; p = 0.001). After follow-up of 2.93 years, retinal microvascular abnormalities were related to risk of vertebral fractures in men aged ≥65 years (OR = 2.475; 95% CI 1.085-5.646; p = 0.031) when adjustment for confounding factors. However, no associations were found between MVD and vertebral fractures in men aged <65 years, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. When stratified by diabetes, in the without-diabetes group, the men with retinal microvascular abnormalities had higher risk for vertebral fractures than without retinopathy (OR = 2.194; 95% CI 1.097-4.389; p = 0.026); however, the difference was not found in women. In the diabetes group, there were no significant differences of risk for vertebral fractures between those with retinal microvascular abnormalities and those without both in men and women. Stratified by hypertension, the men with retinopathy had higher risk for vertebral fractures than those without among the hypertension group (OR = 2.034; 95% CI 1.163-3.559; p = 0.013), but a difference was not found among women. In the without-hypertension group, no relation was found between MVD and fracture both in men and women. In conclusion, MVD is an independent risk factor of vertebral fractures in old men. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Associations between sleep duration, daytime nap duration, and osteoporosis vary by sex, menopause, and sleep quality.

CONTEXT: Associations between sleep, daytime nap duration, and osteoporosis remain uncertain, and far less is even known about the influence of sex, menopause, and sleep quality on them. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to test the associations between sleep, daytime nap duration, and osteoporosis and whether they vary by sex, menopause, and sleep quality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: This cross-sectional study was based on two communities in China. A total of 8688 participants (3950 males and 4738 females) aged 40 years or older were enrolled in the study. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Self-reported sleep duration, daytime nap duration, sleep quality, and calcaneus bone mineral density were recorded. RESULTS: Sleep duration of 8-9 h/d and nap duration of 0 min/d were regarded as reference values. In postmenopausal women, risks (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) of osteoporosis for sleep durations of 7-8 h/d, 9-10 h/d, and 10 h/d or longer were 1.531 (1.106, 2.121), 1.360 (1.035, 1.787), and 1.569 (1.146, 2.149), respectively (P < .05), and risks of osteoporosis for daytime nap durations of 30-60 min/d and longer than 60 min/d were 1.553 (1.212-1.989) and 1.645 (1.250-2.165), respectively (P < .05). However, a significant difference was not consistently observed in men or premenopausal women, regardless of sleep or daytime nap duration. As for sleep quality, positive results were seen most remarkably in postmenopausal females with good sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep durations of 7-8 h/d, 9-10 h/d, and 10 h/d or longer, as well as longer daytime napping times, tend to present higher risks of having osteoporosis, and this tendency is most obvious in postmenopausal women reporting good-quality sleep.

Associations between age at menarche and menopause with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis in Chinese women.

CONTEXT: Ages at menarche and menopause are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and osteoporosis in Caucasian women, but associations remain unexplored in Chinese women. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess associations between age at menarche and menopause with CVD, diabetes, and osteoporosis in Chinese women. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in Fujian, China, from June 2011 to January 2012. PARTICIPANTS: Among 6242 women aged 21 to 92 years, 3304 postmenopausal women were enrolled, excluding premenopausal women (n = 2527), those with unreported ages at menarche and menopause (n = 138), those with unrecorded physical measurements (n = 203), and those with menarche age <8 years or >20 years (n = 70). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: An oral glucose tolerance test, a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram, and calcaneus quantitative ultrasound were performed. RESULTS: No significant associations were found between menarche age, diabetes, and osteoporosis (both P > .05); later menarche (>18 years) was significantly associated with lower CVD risk (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.89; P = .002). Menopause age was not associated with diabetes; higher menopause age was associated with decreasing CVD risk (P for trend = .020) and earlier menopause (≤46 years) with significantly higher osteoporosis risk (odds ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.36; P = .023). CONCLUSIONS: In China, ages at menarche and menopause are not associated with diabetes. Later menarche and menopause are associated with decreasing CVD risk and earlier menopause with higher osteoporosis risk. Menarche and menopause history may help identify women with increased risk of developing CVD and osteoporosis.