[Effects of harvest on greenhouse gas emissions from forested swamp during non-growing season in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of China.] / é‡‡ä¼å¯¹å°å ´å®‰å²­æ£®æž—æ²¼æ³½éžç”Ÿé•¿å­£åœŸå£¤æ¸©å®¤æ°”ä½“æŽ’æ”¾çš„å½±å“.

Soil greenhouse gas emission during non-growing season plays an important role in ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in mid and high latitude regions. However, the effects of harvest on greenhouse gas emission during non-growing remain unclear. We measured the fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O and environmental factors (soil temperature, moisture, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen etc.) during non-growing season from four kinds of forested swamps (Alnus sibirica swamp, Betula platyphylla swamp, Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidti swamp, L. gmelinii-moss swamp) under different harvest disturbances for 10 years, including control (no cutting), 45% selective cutting, clear cutting, by using static chamber technique and gas chromatography in Xiaoxing'an Mountains, Northeast China. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of harvest on greenhouse gas emission from temperate forested swamp during non-growing season and the main controlling factors. The results showed that the average fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O from four kinds of swamps distributed in 53.08-81.31 mg·m-2·h-1, 0.09-3.07 mg·m-2·h-1 and 4.07-8.83 µg·m-2·h-1, respectively. Clear cutting significantly increased the fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O from A. sibirica swamp and L. gmelinii-moss swamp. Selective cutting significantly increased CO2 fluxes from B. platyphylla swamp and L. gmelinii-moss swamp and decreased CO2 flux from A. sibirica swamp. Selective cutting significantly decreased CH4 fluxes from all the four forested swamps and N2O flux from Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidti swamp. The CO2 fluxes from natural forested swamps were strongly influenced by soil temperature, soil organic carbon and C/N. CH4 fluxes were influenced by soil temperature, soil organic carbon. N2O fluxes were affected by air temperature and soil pH. Harvesting increased the correlation between soil CO2 flux and air temperature, soil moisture and snow depth, the correlation between soil CH4 flux and air temperature, soil moisture and C/N, as well as the correlation between soil N2O flux and soil total nitrogen and C/N. The annual cumulative contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O emission from natural forested swamp during non-growing season were 33.2%-46.5%, 6.3%-9.1% and 61.5%-68.3%, respectively. The clear cutting increased the annual cumulative contribution of CO2 from B. platyphylla swamp and L. gmelinii-moss swamp and that of N2O from other swamps except L. gmelinii-moss swamp. The selective cutting increased the annual cumulative contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O from L. gmelinii-C. schmidti swamp and L. gmelinii-moss swamp, but decreased that from B. platyphylla swamp. The annual cumulative contributions of N2O and CO2 during non-growing season were relatively high from temperate natural forested swamps, and clear cutting further increased their contribution, while the selective cutting just increased that of CH4 during non-growing season.

[Relationship between the gene polymorphism in fibroblast growth factor-10 and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 220 cases].

OBJECTIVE: Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF 10) signaling pathway is crucial to lung development and epithelial reconstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms in FGF 10 and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a Han population of North China. METHODS: The subjects included 220 patients with COPD (COPD group) and 285 healthy controls (control group). The COPD patients, admitted to our hospital from June 2007 to May 2012 because of acute exacerbation, included 142 males and 78 females, aging from 43 to 93 years [mean (74 ± 10)]. The control group included 183 males and 102 females, aging from 44 to 97 years [mean (72 ± 9)]. According to results of lung function testing, patients with COPD were divided into mild (8 cases), moderate (62 cases), and severe (48 cases) and very severe groups (102 cases). The genotype frequencies of FGF 10 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10473352, rs16873956, rs2973644, rs1011814, rs10402070 and rs723166) were genotyped by RFLP PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and micro-sequencing (SnaPshot) technology assay. Chi-square test was used to perform the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. Unconditional logistic of regression model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI. The 2 groups were compared using t-test. RESULTS: The rs2973644 locus AA, GA and GG genotype frequencies in the COPD group and the control group were 108/220, 92/220, 20/220 and 167/285, 104/285, 14/285, respectively; while the frequencies of allele A and G were 308/440, 132/440 and 438/570, 132/570, respectively. The rs10473352 locus TT, TC and CC genotype frequencies in the COPD group and the control group were 142/220, 72/220, 6/220 and 202/285, 82/285, 1/285, respectively, the differences being statistically significant (χ(2) value were 6.021-6.213, P < 0.05). The rs10473352 allele T and C frequencies were 356/440, 84/440 and 486/570, 84/570, respectively, the differences being not statistically significant (χ(2) = 3.395, P > 0.05). The rs1011814 locus TT, TC and CC frequencies in mild and moderate compared with severe and very severe COPD disease were 16/68, 39/68, 13/68 and 29/150, 67/150, 54/150, respectively; while its allele T, C frequencies were 71/136, 65/136 and 125/300, 175/300, respectively; the differences being statistically significant (χ(2) values were 6.287 and 4.200, all P < 0.05). The remaining 5 tSNP (rs10473352, rs16873956, rs2973644, rs10402070 and rs723166) genotype distribution and allele frequencies were not significantly different (OR value were 0.606-1.357, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: FGF 10 gene SNP sites rs2973644 and rs10473352 polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to COPD in Han population of North China. The SNP in rs1011814 may be associated with severity of COPD.

[The clinical characteristics and treatment of community outbreaks of the new influenza A (H1N1) infection].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics of 3 community outbreaks of the novel influenza A (H1N1), and to compare the treatment effects of the traditional Chinese medicine with or without Oseltamivir. METHOD: The clinical records of 234 patients in 3 community outbreaks of the novel influenza A (H1N1) infection in June (n = 56), August (n = 96) and October (n = 82) of 2009 were analyzed, and the treatment effects of the traditional Chinese medicine with or without Oseltamivir were evaluated. RESULTS: The baseline characteristics, including age, temperature, indices of blood tests, hepatic and renal functions were distributed evenly between the 2 treatment groups. The overall analysis suggested that there was no significant difference between the 2 treatment groups in the duration of clinical symptoms (P > 0.05), the duration of fever (P > 0.05), and the hospitalization days (P > 0.05). However, an analysis stratified by the temperature (≥ 39°C or < 39°C) suggested that patients treated by the traditional Chinese medicine with Oseltamivir tended to suffer a shorter duration of fever [40.5 (37.3, 42.0) vs 22.0 (10.5, 30.8) hr, P < 0.01) ] in the higher temperature group. CONCLUSIONS: The traditional Chinese medicine was equivalent to oseltamivir in treating patients with the novel influenza A (H1N1) infection with lower temperature (< 39°C). Oseltamivir was effective in shortening the duration of fever in patients with temperature higher than 39°C.