The necessity of others: Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, TMT collective efficacy, CEO-TMT interface, and entrepreneurial orientation.

Entrepreneurial orientation is the key factor for enterprises to obtain competitive advantages in dynamic circumstances. Thus, prior studies established the effect of psychological factors, for instance, entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial orientation using social cognitive theory. However, prior studies presented two main opposite views consisting of a positive and negative relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation as well as providing no alleyway to enrich this relationship. We join the conversation on the positive linkage and argue on the essence of exploring the black box mechanisms to strengthen enterprises' entrepreneurial orientation. We employed the social cognitive theory and collected 220 valid responses from CEOs and TMTs from 10 enterprises in the high-tech industrial development zones of nine provinces in China to clarify the effect of top management team (TMT) collective efficacy, and CEO-TMT interface on the link between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation. Our findings show that entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively affects entrepreneurial orientation. In addition, we found that a higher level of TMT collective efficacy strengthens the positive relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, we discovered differential moderating effects. First, CEO-TMT interface positively affects entrepreneurial orientation when it interacts with TMT collective efficacy and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Second, CEO-TMT interface has a significant negative indirect effect on entrepreneurial orientation, when it only interacts with TMT collective efficacy. Our study enriches the entrepreneurial orientation literature by positioning TMT collective efficacy and CEO-TMT interface as social cognitive mechanisms underlying the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation nexus. Thus, we open a window of opportunities for CEOs and decision-makers to maintain a sustainable position in the market, grasping more opportunities in uncertain conditions via timely entries into new markets and maintaining pre-existing ones.

Microarray expression profile of microRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma patients with the Cancer Genome Atlas and its clinical validation.

PURPOSE: To mine differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS: The transcriptome and pathological data of LUAD patients were downloaded from TCGA. The differentially expressed genes were screened using "edgeR" package in R and analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regressions. The expression and clinic value of serum miR-548v in 50 patients with LUAD (study group) and 50 healthy individuals (control group) was detected by the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the diagnostic value of miR-548v in LUAD was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: A total of 233 differentially expressed genes were found, of which 115 were highly expressed and 118 were lowly expressed. Multivariate Cox regression showed that hsa-mir-142 and hsa-mir-548v were independent prognostic factors for patients with LUAD. The study group showed significantly higher serum miR-548v expression than the control group (p<0.001). miR-548v was related to TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size of patients (p<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of miR-548v in diagnosing LUAD was 0.960, and that in determining TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and tumor size was 0.829, 0.851 and 0.881 respectively. CONCLUSION: Differential expression of miR-548v predicts poor prognosis of patients with LUAD and is closely related to TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and tumor size. Therefore, it is expected to be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for LUAD.

The application of intraoperative ultrasound during partial hepatectomy for the accurate detection and removal of intrahepatic bile duct stones.

To evaluate the application of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) during partial hepatectomy to accurately detect and remove intrahepatic bile duct stones. Intrahepatic bile duct stones were precisely localized during surgery by using IOUS. Furthermore, guiding stone extraction, and determining the scope of liver resection and choice of surgical procedures were also evaluated using this technique. Of the 25 patients used in this study, 16 patients received a left lateral liver resection, 7 patients received a left liver resection, 1 patient had a liver resection of segments V and VI, 9 patients had common bile duct stones, and 6 patients had bile duct stones that underwent jejunal Roux-en-y anastomosis. In addition, IOUS exploration after liver resection and post-operative T-tube cholangiography showed one case with residual stones. The use of IOUS showed high diagnostic accuracy, while also rectifying the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of bile stones in preoperative imaging. IOUS also assisted with positioning accuracy, which is very important in determining the extent of surgical resection and choice of surgical procedure. Thus, IOUS can dynamically monitor the surgical procedure, guide the operation, and inspect the outcome of operations, therefore, effectively improving the quality of operation.