[Optimal processing technology of Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum with multi-indicator-response surface methodology and anticoagulant effect evaluation].

This study first optimized the processing technology for Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum and investigated its in vitro anticoagulant activity. A multi-index-response surface methodology was used, with yield, powder yield, and the relative percentage of the content of six non-volatile components [11-keto-boswellic acid(KBA), 3-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid(AKBA), ß-elemonic acid, α-boswellic acid(α-BA), ß-boswellic acid(ß-BA), and α-acetyl-boswellic acid(α-BA)] and three volatile components(octyl acetate, incensole, and incensole acetate) as evaluation indicators. Analytical hierarchy process(AHP) combined with coefficient of variation method was used to calculate the weight of each indicator and calculate the comprehensive score(OD). Furthermore, response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of frying temperature(A), burning time(B), rice vinegar dosage(C), and steaming time(D) on the processing technology of vinegar-processed Olibanum. Vinegar-steamed Olibanum was prepared according to the optimal processing technology for in vitro anticoagulant experiments. The results showed that the weights of octyl acetate, incensole, incensole acetate, KBA, AKBA, ß-elemonic acid, α-BA, ß-BA, α-ABA, yield, and powder yield were 0.358 2, 0.104 5, 0.146 4, 0.032 9, 0.123 7, 0.044 4, 0.022 1, 0.042 2, 0.110 1, 0.012 2, and 0.0032, respectively. The optimal processing technology for Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum was as follows. Olibanum(50 g) with a particle size of 1-5 mm was continuously stir-fried at a low heat of 150-180 ℃ until in a gel-like state, ignited for burning for 15 s, sprayed with 7.5 g of rice vinegar(15%), and steamed for 3 min without fire. Subsequently, the cover was removed, and the product was continuously stir-fried at 150-180 ℃ until in a soft lump shape, removed, cooled, and crushed. The results of the in vitro anticoagulant experiments showed that compared with the blank group, both Olibanum and vinegar-processed Olibanum significantly prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time(TT), and prothrombin time(PT) of rat platelet-poor plasma(PPP), and the effect of vinegar-processed Olibanum was significantly better than that of Olibanum(P<0.05). The optimized processing technology for Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum is stable, feasible, and beneficial for the further development and utilization of Olibanum slices. At the same time, using the content of volatile and non-volatile components, yield, and powder yield as indicators, and verifying through pharmacological experiments, the obtained results are more reasonable and credible, and have positive guiding significance for the clinical application of characteristic processed Olibanum products.

A Composite-Type MEMS Pirani Gauge for Wide Range and High Accuracy.

To achieve a wide range and high accuracy detection of the vacuum level, for example, in an encapsulated vacuum microcavity, a composite-type MEMS Pirani gauge has been designed and fabricated. The Pirani gauge consists of two gauges of different sizes connected in series, with one gauge having a larger heat-sensitive area and a larger air gap for extending the lower measurable limit of pressure (i.e., the high vacuum end) and the other gauge having a smaller heat-sensitive area and a smaller air gap for extending the upper measurable limit. The high-resistivity titanium metal was chosen as the thermistor; SiNx was chosen as the dielectric layer, considering the factors relevant to simulation and manufacturing. By simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics and NI Multisim, a range of measurement of 2 × 10-2 to 2 × 105 Pa and a sensitivity of 52.4 mV/lgPa were obtained in an N2 environment. The performance of the fabricated Pirani gauge was evaluated by using an in-house made vacuum test system. In the test, the actual points of measurement range from 6.6 × 10-2 to 1.12 × 105 Pa, and the highest sensitivity is up to 457.6 mV/lgPa. The experimental results are better in the range of measurement, sensitivity, and accuracy than the simulation results. The Pirani gauge proposed in this study is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, and suitable for integration with other MEMS devices in a microcavity to monitor the vacuum level therein.

1D Chiral Lead Bromide Perovskite with Superior Second-Order Optical Nonlinearity, Photoluminescence, and High-Temperature Reversible Phase Transition.

Multifunctional materials are an attractive research area. Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are widely used in the design of these materials due to their rich properties and flexible composition. It is easy to obtain more photoelectric properties by introducing chiral groups as ligands. In this work, we synthesized chiral one-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, namely (R/S-3-HP)PbBr3 (1R/1S) (3-HP=3-hydroxy-piperidine). The enantiomer compounds undergo reversible phase transition at 349/336 K. Under the excitation light of 339 nm, 1R and 1S have a wide emission peak at 635 nm, showing orange light. In addition, the indirect bandgap is 3.29 eV and the SHG intensity is comparable to that of KDP. This work provides a way to design multifunctional chiral perovskite materials.

Development of natamycin-loaded zein-casein composite nanoparticles by a pH-driven method and application to postharvest fungal control on peach against Monilinia fructicola.

This work fabricated natamycin-loaded zein-casein nanoparticles (N-Z/C NPs) by a pH-driven approach and applied to control postharvest peach brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola. When casein and phosphoric acid were used as a stabilizer and neutralizing acid, respectively, NPs with mean particle sizes < 100 nm and zeta-potentials < -30 mV could be obtained. The NPs could increase the aqueous dispersibility of natamycin and showed high stability against environmental changes, which could be attributed to both hydrophobic stacking and hydrogen bonds between natamycin and zein. Besides, the effects of N-Z/C NPs on the storage of peach were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Nanoencapsulation did not affect the antifungal activities of natamycin. The NPs with 20 and 80 µg/mL of natamycin could basically inhibit the spore germination and mycelial growth of M. fructicola, respectively. The N-Z/C NPs coatings exhibited better results than natamycin in controlling of peach brown rot.

Design of a High Sensitivity Pirani Gauge Based on Vanadium Oxide Film for High Vacuum Measurement.

We have designed a hot-plate-type micro-Pirani vacuum gauge with a simple structure and compatibility with conventional semiconductor fabrication processes. In the Pirani gauge, we used a vanadium oxide (VOx) membrane as the thermosensitive component, taking advantage of the high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of VOx. The TCR value of VOx is -2%K-1∼-3%K-1, an order of magnitude higher than those of other thermal-sensitive materials, such as platinum and titanium (0.3%K-1∼0.4%K-1). On one hand, we used the high TCR of VOx to increase the Pirani sensitivity. On the other hand, we optimized the floating structure to decrease the thermal conductivity so that the detecting range of the Pirani gauge was extended on the low-pressure end. We carried out simulation experiments on the thermal zone of the Pirani gauge, the width of the cantilever beam, the material and thickness of the supporting layer, the thickness of the thermal layer (VOx), the depth of the cavity, and the shape and size. Finally, we decided on the basic size of the Pirani gauge. The prepared Pirani gauge has a thermal sensitive area of 130 × 130 µm2, with a cantilever width of 13 µm, cavity depth of 5 µm, supporting layer thickness of 300 nm, and VOx layer thickness of 110 nm. It has a dynamic range of 10-1~104 Pa and a sensitivity of 1.23 V/lgPa. The VOx Pirani was designed using a structure and fabrication process compatible with a VOx-based uncooled infrared microbolometer so that it can be integrated by wafer level. This work contains only our MEMS Pirani gauge device design, preparation process design, and readout circuit design, while the characterization and relevant experimental results will be reported in the future.

Structural Optimization and Mechanical Simulation of MEMS Thin-Film Getter-Heater Unit.

A MEMS thin-film getter-heater unit has been previously proposed for the vacuum packaging of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) device, where the floating structure (FS) design is found to be obviously more power-efficient than the solid structure (SS) one by heat transfer capacity simulation. However, the mechanical strength of the FS is weaker than the SS by nature. For high temperature usage, the unit structure must be optimized in order to avoid fracture of the cantilever beam or film delamination due to strong excessive stress caused by heating. In this paper, COMSOL is used to simulate the stress and deformation of the MEMS thin-film getter-heater unit with the cantilever structure. By comparing various cantilever structures, it is found that a model with a symmetrically-shaped heater and edge-center-located cantilever model (II-ECLC model) is the most suitable. In this model, even when the structure is heated to about 600 °C, the maximum stress of the cantilever beam is only 455 MPa, much lower than the tensile strength of silicon nitride (Si3N4, 12 GPa), and the maximum deformation displacement is about 200 µm. Meanwhile, the interfacial stress between the getter and the insulating layer is 44 MPa, sufficiently lower than the adhesion strength between silicon nitride film and titanium film (400-1850 MPa). It is further found that both the stress of the cantilever structure and the interfacial stress between the getter and the insulating layer beneath increase linearly with temperature; and the deformation of the cantilever structure is proportional to its stress. This work gives guidance on the design of MEMS devices with cantilever structures and works in high temperature situations.

Two Manganese(II)-Based Hybrid Multifunctional Phase Transition Materials with Strong Photoluminescence, High Quantum Yield, and Switchable Dielectric Properties: (C6NH16)2MnBr4 and (C7NH18)2MnBr4.

Multifunctional materials have always been an attractive research area, but how to combine multiple excellent properties in one compound remains a considerable challenge. Organic-inorganic hybrid compounds are widely used in the design of such materials due to their rich properties and flexible assembly. Herein, two new manganese(II)-based organic-inorganic hybrid compounds, (C6NH16)2MnBr4 (1) and (C7NH18)2MnBr4 (2), are prepared by the solution method. Compounds 1 and 2 both emit extremely strong green light under UV excitation, with high quantum yields of 45.93 and 50.98%, respectively. In addition, reversible solid-state phase transitions and obvious switchable dielectric properties are shown at 378/366 and 361/352 K, respectively. The coexistence of the dual stimulus-response characteristics of temperature and light in compounds 1 and 2 opens a new path for exploring more multifunctional phase transition materials.

Process Optimization and Performance Evaluation of TSV Arrays for High Voltage Application.

In order to obtain high-quality through-silicon via (TSV) arrays for high voltage applications, we optimized the fabrication processes of the Si holes, evaluated the dielectric layers, carried out hole filling by Cu plating, and detected the final structure and electric properties of the TSVs. The Si through-hole array was fabricated in an 8-inch Si substrate as follows: First, a blind Si hole array was formed by the Si deep reactive etching (DRIE) technique using the Bosch process, but with the largest width of the top scallops reduced to 540 nm and the largest notch elimidiameternated by backside grinding, which also opens the bottom ends of the Si blind holes and forms 500-µm-deep Si through holes. Then, the sidewalls of the Si holes were further smoothed by a combination of thermal oxidation and wet etching of the thermal oxide. The insulating capability of the dielectric layers was evaluated prior to metal filling by using a test kit. The metal filling of the through holes was carried out by bottom-up Cu electroplating and followed by annealing at 300 °C for 1 h to release the electroplating stress and to prevent possible large metal thermal expansion in subsequent high-temperature processes. The TSV arrays with different hole diameters and spacing were detected: no visible defects or structure peeling was found by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, and no detectable interdiffusion between Cu and the dielectric layers was detected by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Electric tests indicated that the leakage currents between two adjacent TSVs were as low as 6.80 × 10-10 A when a DC voltage was ramped up from 0 to 350 V, and 2.86 × 10-9 A after a DC voltage was kept at 100 V for 200 s.

Phosphor-converted laser-diode-based white lighting module with high luminous flux and color rendering index.

A laser-diode-based white lighting module is fabricated via spectral component optimization, which can achieve both high luminous flux and high color rendering index (CRI). In this work, the laser module is constituted by blue laser diodes (LDs) which excite YAG:Ce-Al2O3 and red LDs that can compensate for the lack of red spectrum to improve the CRI of the light source. To fulfill the requirements of flexibility and compactness of light source, the blue and red LDs beams are combined by optical fiber coupling. A simulation framework is employed to optimize the dominant wavelength of red LDs and the power ratio of red to blue LDs. According to the results of the integrating sphere, high luminous flux of 1102 lm and high CRI of 77.8 are achieved simultaneously, which is consistent with the simulation results. The tunable correlated color temperature (CCT) varying from 4000 K to 2800 K and high angular color uniformity (ACU) can be obtained.