Rapid fabrication of bio-inspired nanostructure with hydrophobicity and antireflectivity on polystyrene surface replicating from cicada wings.

The fine nanostructure on the cicada wing of Cryptotympana atrata fabricius, which exhibits hydrophobicity and antireflectivity, is carefully examined. A promising strategy is proposed for facilely and successively replicating the natural functional nanostructure of the cicada wing onto polystyrene (PS) surfaces. First, a nickel replica with tapered nanopores is fabricated by combining electroless plating and subsequent electroplating with the natural cicada wing as an original template. Then, using microinjection compression molding, with the nickel replica as a template, the tapered nanopores are transcribed onto the PS surface, resulting in orderly and densely arranged nanopillars with a mean diameter of about 156 nm and a mean pitch of about 180 nm. The natural cicada wing and fabricated nickel replica are reusable. Interestingly, the PS replica surface exhibits a water contact angle of 143° ± 2° and a reflectance of about 4% in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. These results mean that the bionic PS replica not only inherits the nanostructure of the natural wing, but also its hydrophobic and antireflective properties. The mechanisms for the hydrophobic and antireflective properties are revealed via composite wetting interface and effective medium layer on the replica surface, respectively. The proposed fast and efficient replication strategy can be an excellent candidate for mimicking bio-inspired functional micro/nanostructures without complicated procedures and expensive materials.

Gene Polymorphism 24 Rare Blood Group Antigens of 11 RBC Blood Group Systems in Manchu Population of Harbin Area in China / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the 24 kinds of antigen gene polymorphism chara-cteristics in 11 RBC blood group systems of Manchu population blood donor in Harbin Area of China, so as to better perform the clinical blood transfusion and to avoid adverse transfusion reactions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four antigen genes (GYPB (S/S), Duffy, Kell, Dombrock, Diego, Kidd, Scianna, Colton, Lutheran, Yt, Mur) were assessed by the polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 11 blood type systems, including Fy, Fy; K, K; Do, Do; Di, Di; JK, JK; Sc1,Sc2; Co, Co; Lu, Lu; Yt, Yt; Kp, Kp; Mur, Mur2 among 200 Manchus in Harbin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gene frequency of blood type system in Harbin Manchu GYPB (S/S) was as follows: S=0.0625, s=0.9325; the gene frequency of duffy blood type system: Fy=0.0525, Fy=0.9475; Gene frequency of Dombrock type system was as follows: Do=0.1250, Do=0.8750; Gene frequency of Diego type system: Di=0.0275, Di=0.9725; the gene frequency of Kidd blood type system: JK=0.5650, JK=0.4350; the gene frequency of Mur blood type system: Mur1 = 0.0050, Mur2 = 0.9950; the Kell, Scianna, Colton, Lutheran and Yt type blood type system displayed a monomorph distribution and the genotype was kkKpKp,Sc1Sc1,CoCo, LuLu, YtYt, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The distribution of GYPB(S/s),Duffy,Dombrock, Diego, Kidd and Mur blood type system in Harbin Manchu has been found to be characterized by polymorphism, and the distribution of kell, scianna, colton, lutheran and ye blood type system has been found to be characterized by oligomorphism. The gene destribution of dombrock and Kidd blood group systems is unique in Harbin Manchu.</p>