Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
Add more filters










Database
Language
Publication year range
1.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38142351

ABSTRACT

The second half of the 18th century went down in history as the era of "Enlightened absolutism". In Russia, it is associated with the reign of Empress Catherine II (1762-1796). In her political activities, Catherine II was guided by ideas of "regular" "police" state that were edited in accordance with new trends and new intellectual fashion. The monarch was now obliged to take care of "common good" and seek universal "decency" through establishing "lawful government". Besides, in order to achieve this goal, he had to use police as a tool of "beneficial" violence. The application of police measures supposed struggle with dangerous epidemics causing serious damage to population of the state. The article analyzes process of becoming of sanitary epidemiological legislation of Catherine II, placing it in broad context of "enlightened absolutism" policy.


Subject(s)
Epidemics , Politics , Russia/epidemiology
2.
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med ; 31(Special Issue 1): 756-764, 2023 Aug.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37742246

ABSTRACT

The beginning of the 18th century in the history of the Russian state and society was marked by the beginning of large-scale transformations initiated by Peter I. As a result of these reforms, the patriarchal Moscow kingdom turned into a "regular" Russian empire, the political, legal and administrative structure of which differed significantly from what it was before. It is no coincidence that Peter is often referred to as a «revolutionary on the throne.¼ In his actions, Peter was guided by the idea of the "common good" and the ideas of the "regular" state and Polizeistaat. He drew them in Western Europe, in the countries of the Protestant circle - Prussia, Denmark, Sweden. One of the leading ideas of the Polizeistaat doctrine was the state's active policy to form a welfare society, which was supposed to be achieved through the active intervention of the authorities in the daily life of citizens, its regulation and regulation through various regulations, instructions and instructions. A regular, properly organized police force was one of the most important instruments of such intervention, which had as its ultimate goal the creation of conditions for the growth of the well-being of subjects and their number. This growth in the number of subject population was also achieved through the creation of a system of measures to prevent epidemics and their consequences. In this article, the authors, relying on the materials of the Petrine legislation, reconstruct the course of the gradual formation of sanitary legislation in Petrine Russia.


Subject(s)
Epidemics , Police , Male , Humans , Russia , Epidemics/prevention & control , Moscow , Europe
3.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35670413

ABSTRACT

The plague pandemic ("The Black Death") that struck Eurasia in the middle of XIV century, "settled" this lethal disease in Europe for a long time. The new outbreaks of this disease, with breaks of several years, occurred in single cities, regions and states, covering sometimes entire continent over the next centuries. However, impression that "The Black Death" made upon minds of European scribes, staggering European society by its inevitability, for a long time determined particular angle of view under which it is accepted to consider the history of plague in Europe in the epoch of Middle Ages and early New Age. The image of The Great Plague of XIV century overshadowed all subsequent outbreaks of this lethal disease, so its subsequent occurrences are traditionally given less attention. The article, being based on on analysis of numerous chronicle evidences, for the first time in Russian historiography analyzes the history of plague in Rus during first decades of XV century and restores chronology of its occurrence and development and determines areas affected by the plague in the first place, estimating caused damage.


Subject(s)
Plague , Disease Outbreaks , Europe/epidemiology , History, Medieval , Humans , Pandemics/history , Plague/epidemiology , Russia/epidemiology
4.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33591677

ABSTRACT

Since the ancient times, epidemics affect the processes proceeding in various spheres of life of human society. Hence, steadfast attention of historians to this biological phenomenon and its investigation. Quite a lot of of research studies is devoted to the first-rate epidemics, for instance, the famous «Black Death¼ in the middle of XIV century. At the same time, far from all such occurrences were properly interpreted in historical literature. Among little-studied and factually unknown epidemics, the pestilence, the plague, that struck the Russian state in the second half of 60s-early 70s of XVI century, stands out for. The article considers this occurrence, demonstrates its origin, time and geographical limits and also analyzes its consequences.


Subject(s)
Epidemics , Plague , Animals , Health Personnel , Horses , Humans , Plague/epidemiology , Russia/epidemiology
5.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32119227

ABSTRACT

The article considers the features of the impact of epidemics on the course of hostilities and the fate of the states of Antiquity. Three cases are presented as examples. The first one is related to the invasion of the Assyrian King Sennacherib in Judea and the attempt of his troops to take Jerusalem. The second case is related to the epidemic in Athens in the early years of the Peloponnesian war. The third one - with the epidemic in the Roman Empire in the 2nd half of the 2nd century AD. The analysis, based on information from extant sources, permitted to conclude that the intensity and destructive effect of epidemics in the Ancient World increased gradually. To this fact is attributed the effect of "closing" the Oikumena into a single whole. However, the degree of influence of epidemics on the fate of ancient states is greatly exaggerated by the historical tradition, which developed under the influence of emotional descriptions of the tragedies and mass deaths of people.


Subject(s)
Armed Conflicts , Epidemics , Armed Conflicts/history , Epidemics/history , History, Ancient
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...