Atmospheric Water Harvesting by Large-Scale Radiative Cooling Cellulose-Based Fabric.

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has received tremendous interest because of population growth, limited freshwater resources, and water pollution. However, key challenges remain in developing efficient, flexible, and lightweight AWH materials with scalability. Here, we demonstrated a radiative cooling fabric for AWH via its hierarchically structured cellulose network and hybrid sorption-dewing mechanisms. With 8.3% solar absorption and ∼0.9 infrared (IR) emissivity, the material can drop up to 7.5 °C below ambient temperature without energy consumption via radiative cooling. Water adsorption onto the hydrophilic functional groups of cellulose is dominated by sorption at low relative humidity (RH) and dewing at high RH. The cellulose network provides desirable mechanical properties with entangled high-aspect-ratio fibers over tens of adsorption-extraction cycles. In the field test, the cellulose sample exhibited water uptake of 1.29 kg/kg at 80% RH during the night. The profusion of radiative cooling fabric features desirable cost effectiveness and allows fast deployment into large-scale AWH applications.

Wide range continuously tunable and fast thermal switching based on compressible graphene composite foams.

Thermal switches have gained intense interest recently for enabling dynamic thermal management of electronic devices and batteries that need to function at dramatically varied ambient or operating conditions. However, current approaches have limitations such as the lack of continuous tunability, low switching ratio, low speed, and not being scalable. Here, a continuously tunable, wide-range, and fast thermal switching approach is proposed and demonstrated using compressible graphene composite foams. Large (~8x) continuous tuning of the thermal resistance is achieved from the uncompressed to the fully compressed state. Environmental chamber experiments show that our variable thermal resistor can precisely stabilize the operating temperature of a heat generating device while the ambient temperature varies continuously by ~10 °C or the heat generation rate varies by a factor of 2.7. This thermal device is promising for dynamic control of operating temperatures in battery thermal management, space conditioning, vehicle thermal comfort, and thermal energy storage.

Ultrawhite BaSO4 Paints and Films for Remarkable Daytime Subambient Radiative Cooling.

Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost, combat the urban island effect, and alleviate the global warming. To achieve passive daytime radiative cooling, current state-of-the-art solutions often utilize complicated multilayer structures or a reflective metal layer, limiting their applications in many fields. Attempts have been made to achieve passive daytime radiative cooling with single-layer paints, but they often require a thick coating or show partial daytime cooling. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate remarkable full-daytime subambient cooling performance with both BaSO4 nanoparticle films and BaSO4 nanocomposite paints. BaSO4 has a high electron band gap for low solar absorptance and phonon resonance at 9 µm for high sky window emissivity. With an appropriate particle size and a broad particle size distribution, the BaSO4 nanoparticle film reaches an ultrahigh solar reflectance of 97.6% and a high sky window emissivity of 0.96. During field tests, the BaSO4 film stays more than 4.5 °C below ambient temperature or achieves an average cooling power of 117 W/m2. The BaSO4-acrylic paint is developed with a 60% volume concentration to enhance the reliability in outdoor applications, achieving a solar reflectance of 98.1% and a sky window emissivity of 0.95. Field tests indicate similar cooling performance to the BaSO4 films. Overall, our BaSO4-acrylic paint shows a standard figure of merit of 0.77, which is among the highest of radiative cooling solutions while providing great reliability, convenient paint form, ease of use, and compatibility with the commercial paint fabrication process.

Coexistence of Low Damping and Strong Magnetoelastic Coupling in Epitaxial Spinel Ferrite Thin Films.

Low-loss magnetization dynamics and strong magnetoelastic coupling are generally mutually exclusive properties due to opposing dependencies on spin-orbit interactions. So far, the lack of low-damping, magnetostrictive ferrite films has hindered the development of power-efficient magnetoelectric and acoustic spintronic devices. Here, magnetically soft epitaxial spinel NiZnAl-ferrite thin films with an unusually low Gilbert damping parameter (<3 × 10-3 ), as well as strong magnetoelastic coupling evidenced by a giant strain-induced anisotropy field (≈1 T) and a sizable magnetostriction coefficient (≈10 ppm), are reported. This exceptional combination of low intrinsic damping and substantial magnetostriction arises from the cation chemistry of NiZnAl-ferrite. At the same time, the coherently strained film structure suppresses extrinsic damping, enables soft magnetic behavior, and generates large easy-plane magnetoelastic anisotropy. These findings provide a foundation for a new class of low-loss, magnetoelastic thin film materials that are promising for spin-mechanical devices.

Parenteral nutrition prescribing processes using computerized prescriber order entry: opportunities to improve safety.

The prescribing and processing of parenteral nutrition (PN) orders for pediatric patients may involve multiple steps, be time-consuming, and have opportunity for error if safety measures are not in place. The process can vary from institution to institution. The authors conducted a comparison of their system for the prescribing and processing of PN orders with the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition's (A.S.P.E.N.'s) Safe Practices for Parenteral Nutrition guidelines. Using a computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) system allowed for compliance with most of the elements. The safety data demonstrated an overall low rate of transcription errors, an inherent risk when the CPOE system does not communicate directly with the automated compounding device (ACD). There was a 5% overall pharmacist intervention rate on PNs, similar to the 6%-8% rate seen with other medications. Approximately 6% of these PN interventions had an outcome associated with preventing an adverse drug reaction, toxicity, or medication error. Implementation of additional safety measures and standardization may have a positive impact on the complicated process of prescribing and processing PN orders at the authors' institution.

Effects of an inadvertent dose of cytarabine in a child with Fanconi's anemia: reducing medication errors.

We report the case of a 7-year-old boy with Fanconi's anemia, who underwent a bone marrow transplant using an unrelated donor, and who received an inadvertent dose of cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside). The cytarabine was given by mistake 6 months following transplant. This caused excessive toxicity to many systems, including the pulmonary and renal systems. The patient recovered from the episode, but this article further highlights the acute adverse effects of cytarabine. Furthermore, it is the first report of excessive toxicity to cytarabine in a child with Fanconi's anemia. The article also highlights the problems of medication administration errors, particularly in those exquisitely sensitive to the effects of toxic drugs.