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1.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 109(5): 1095-1106, 2023 11 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37722663

ABSTRACT

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is of critical importance, but data for Peru are not available. To fill this gap, a non-interventional hospital-based surveillance study was conducted in 15 hospitals across Peru from July 2017 to October 2019. Consecutive unique blood culture isolates of key GNB (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp.) recovered from hospitalized patients were collected for centralized antimicrobial susceptibility testing, along with linked epidemiological and clinical data. A total of 449 isolates were included in the analysis. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) was present in 266 (59.2%) GNB isolates. Among E. coli (n = 199), 68.3% showed 3GC resistance (i.e., above the median ratio for low- and middle-income countries in 2020 for this sustainable development goal indicator). Carbapenem resistance was present in 74 (16.5%) GNB isolates, with wide variation among species (0% in E. coli, 11.0% in K. pneumoniae, 37.0% in P. aeruginosa, and 60.8% in Acinetobacter spp. isolates). Co-resistance to carbapenems and colistin was found in seven (1.6%) GNB isolates. Empiric treatment covered the causative GNB in 63.3% of 215 cases. The in-hospital case fatality ratio was 33.3% (92/276). Pseudomonas aeruginosa species and carbapenem resistance were associated with higher risk of in-hospital death. In conclusion, an important proportion of bloodstream infections in Peru are caused by highly resistant GNB and are associated with high in-hospital mortality.


Subject(s)
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , Sepsis , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Escherichia coli , Prevalence , Peru/epidemiology , Hospital Mortality , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Carbapenems , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Sepsis/drug therapy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
2.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 78(1-2): 13-17, 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398498

ABSTRACT

El encondroma protuberans (EP) es una forma rara de encondroma que muestra un crecimiento exofítico, fuera de los márgenes del hueso cortical. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 4 años previamente sana que asistió en el servicio de urgencia con un aumento de volumen no doloroso en meñique izquierdo. La radiografía mostró una lesión radiolúcida expansiva en la falange proximal. Se complementa estudio con tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética descubriéndose una lesión que comprometía el canal medular, con extensión más allá de la cortical y un aumento de intensidad de señal en secuencia T2 sugestiva de matriz condroide. El paciente fue sometido a escisión quirúrgica, curetaje e injerto óseo. El estudio histopatológico postquirúrgico confirmó el diagnóstico de encondroma. En este estudio se describió un caso de EP que involucra una falange de la mano. El estudio imagenológico, en particular las imágenes por resonancia magnética juegan un papel clave para un diagnóstico preciso previo al procedimiento quirúrgico.


Enchondroma protruberans (EP) is a rare form of enchondroma with exophytic growth outside the margins of cortical bone. We present the case of a previously healthy 4-year-old patient who attended the Emergency Department with painless enlargement of the left pinkie. The X-ray showed an expansive radiolucent lesion of the proximal phalanx. Further study with a computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion affecting the medullary cavity and extending beyond the cortical bone with an increase in signal strength in the T2 sequence suggestive of a chondroid matrix. The patient underwent surgical excision, curettage, and bone grafting. The post-surgical histopathological study confirmed the diagnosis of enchondroma. This study describes a case of EP involving a phalanx of the hand. The images, particularly those of the magnetic resonance imaging, played a key role in reaching an accurate diagnosis prior to surgery.

3.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 76(4): 115-118, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398332

ABSTRACT

Las fracturas expuestas de tibia por alta energía se asocian a conminución, pérdida de stock óseo y daño de partes blandas. El manejo inicial debe incluir el aseo quirúrgico con desbridamiento adecuado. La evidencia actual sugiere realizar un manejo por etapas, conforme el estado de cobertura de partes blandas permita realizar la reconstrucción ósea definitiva. Los defectos óseos segmentarios críticos agregan el problema de requerir de una técnica de reconstrucción ósea para disminuir riesgo de infección, retardo en la consolidación y no unión. Se presenta un caso clínico con defecto óseo crítico de tibia con falta de cobertura de partes blandas, tratado con colgajo de sural anterógrado y técnica de inducción de membrana tipo Masquelet.


High energy, exposed fractures of the tibia are associated with comminution, bone loss, and soft tissue damage. It should be managed initially with surgical cleaning and debridement. If the soft tissue envelope permits definitive osseus reconstruction, the evidence at present suggests managing it in stages. Critical segmentary bone defects require osseous reconstruction for reduction of infection risk, consolidation delay and nonunion. We present a clinical case with a critical bone defect and significant soft tissue loss treated with an anterograde sural flap and induced membrane or Masquelet technique.

4.
Australas J Dermatol ; 60(3): e178-e185, 2019 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30820942

ABSTRACT

This systematic review of measurement instruments for vitiligo outcomes included validation articles published from 2011 to May 2018. According to the PRISMA statement, the search was carried out in EMBASE (via OvidSP); MEDLINE (via OvidSP and PubMed). The COSMIN taxonomy will be used to define the measurement properties. Inclusion criteria were original studies reporting measuring properties. Exclusion criteria were clinical trials using scales whose measurement properties were not assessed, studies of cross-cultural adaptation, scales focused on other aspects of the disease such as quality of life, satisfaction, disease's burden. Fourteen studies were identified, which described 15 instruments to measure vitiligo outcomes. Nine of them, measured properties related to the severity of the disease: Vitiligo extent score (VES), Self-Assessment Vitiligo Extent Score (SA-VES), Self-Assessed Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (SAVASI), Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), Vitiligo European Task Force assessment (VETFa), Vitíligo Noticeability Scale (VNS), Koebner's phenomenon in vitiligo score (K-VSCOR), Vitiligo Extent Tensity Index (VETI), Potential Repigmentation Index (PRI). The most effective tool to asses affected Body Surface Area (BSA) is VES. The VASI is useful to stratify by severity. There is not enough evidence to recommend the use of SAVASI. The VETFa does not offer any difference to calculate the affected BSA compared with the rule of 9's. The VNS and K-VSCOR lack of reliability evidence.


Subject(s)
Severity of Illness Index , Vitiligo , Humans
5.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 922018 03 22.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29553128

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Organophosphate pesticides (OP) are used massively for their low cost, low environmental persistence and high effectiveness in insect pest control, however, agricultural workers, when exposed to OP, have negative consequences on their health mainly neurological. For the first time, a research is reported in a Latin American population that studied the association between labor exposure to OP and the presence of peripheral polyneuropathy in agricultural workers. The aim of the study was to estimate the relationship between occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OP) and presence of peripheral polyneuropathy in workers in the Maule Region, Chile. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 55 agricultural workers exposed to OP and 58 non-agricultural workers not exposed. It was applied a test for the detection of peripheral polyneuropathy through pallesthetic threshold assessment by on-off method. To estimate the relationship between exposure to OP pesticides and peripheral polyneuropathy, we used a multiple logistic regression model (95% confidence interval). RESULTS: 26% of the total sample had polyneuropathy, with 38% positive cases for the exposed group and 14% for the non-exposed group. The risk of developing peripheral polyneuropathy was 3.6 times higher in workers exposed to OP than in non-exposed workers. CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive association between the presence of peripheral polyneuropathy and chronic occupational exposure to OP, adjusting for age and sex.


OBJETIVO: Los plaguicidas organofosforados (OP) se usan de manera masiva, por su bajo costo y por su baja persistencia, en el medio ambiente y su alta efectividad en el control de plagas de insectos, sin embargo, los trabajadores agrícolas, cuando se exponen a OP, presentan consecuencias negativas en su salud, principalmente de caracter neurológico. Por primera vez se reporta una investigación en población latinoamericana que estudió la asociación entre exposición laboral a OP y presencia de polineuropatía periférica en trabajadores agrícolas. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la relación entre exposición laboral a plaguicidas organofosforados (OP) y presencia de polineuropatía periférica en trabajadores de la Región del Maule, Chile. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico con 55 trabajadores agrícolas expuestos a OP y 58 trabajadores no agrícolas no expuestos. Se aplicó una prueba para la detección de polineuropatía periférica a través de la evaluación del umbral palestésico por método on-off. Para estimar la relación entre exposición a plaguicidas OP y polineuropatía periférica se realizó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple (intervalo de confianza del 95%). RESULTADOS: Un 26% del total de la muestra padecía de polineuropatía, con un 38% de casos positivos para el grupo expuesto y un 14% para el grupo no expuesto. El riesgo de desarrollar polineuropatía periférica fue 3,6 veces mayor en los trabajadores expuestos a OP que en los trabajadores no expuestos. CONCLUSIONES: Un 26% del total de la muestra padecía de polineuropatía, con un 38% de casos positivos para el grupo expuesto y un 14% para el grupo no expuesto. El riesgo de desarrollar polineuropatía periférica fue 3,6 veces mayor en los trabajadores expuestos a OP que en los trabajadores no expuestos.


Subject(s)
Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Organophosphates/toxicity , Pesticides/toxicity , Polyneuropathies/chemically induced , Adult , Aged , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/diagnosis , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Polyneuropathies/diagnosis , Polyneuropathies/epidemiology , Risk Factors
6.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 92: e1-e10, 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-171178

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos. Los plaguicidas organofosforados (OP) se usan de manera masiva, por su bajo costo y por su baja persistencia, en el medio ambiente y su alta efectividad en el control de plagas de insectos, sin embargo, los trabajadores agrícolas, cuando se exponen a OP, presentan consecuencias negativas en su salud, principalmente de caracter neurológico. Por primera vez se reporta una investigación en población latinoamericana que estudió la asociación entre exposición laboral a OP y presencia de polineuropatía periférica en trabajadores agrícolas. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la relación entre exposición laboral a plaguicidas organofosforados (OP) y presencia de polineuropatía periférica en trabajadores de la Región del Maule, Chile. Método. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico con 55 trabajadores agrícolas expuestos a OP y 58 trabajadores no agrícolas no expuestos. Se aplicó una prueba para la detección de polineuropatía periférica a través de la evaluación del umbral palestésico por método on-off. Para estimar la relación entre exposición a plaguicidas OP y polineuropatía periférica se realizó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple (intervalo de confianza del 95%). Resultados. Un 26% del total de la muestra padecía de polineuropatía, con un 38% de casos positivos para el grupo expuesto y un 14% para el grupo no expuesto. El riesgo de desarrollar polineuropatía periférica fue 3,6 veces mayor en los trabajadores expuestos a OP que en los trabajadores no expuestos. Conclusiones. Existe una asociación positiva entre la presencia de polineuropatía periférica y la exposición laboral crónica a OP, ajustando por edad y sexo (AU)


Background. Organophosphate pesticides (OP) are used massively for their low cost, low environmental persistence and high effectiveness in insect pest control, however, agricultural workers, when exposed to OP, have negative consequences on their health mainly neurological. For the first time, a research is reported in a Latin American population that studied the association between labor exposure to OP and the presence of peripheral polyneuropathy in agricultural workers. The aim of the study was to estimate the relationship between occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OP) and presence of peripheral polyneuropathy in workers in the Maule Region, Chile. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 55 agricultural workers exposed to OP and 58 non-agricultural workers not exposed. It was applied a test for the detection of peripheral polyneuropathy through pallesthetic threshold assessment by on-off method. To estimate the relationship between exposure to OP pesticides and peripheral polyneuropathy, we used a multiple logistic regression model (95% confidence interval). Results. 26% of the total sample had polyneuropathy, with 38% positive cases for the exposed group and 14% for the non-exposed group. The risk of developing peripheral polyneuropathy was 3.6 times higher in workers exposed to OP than in non-exposed workers. Conclusions. There is a positive association between the presence of peripheral polyneuropathy and chronic occupational exposure to OP, adjusting for age and sex (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Polyneuropathies/chemically induced , Insecticides, Organophosphate/adverse effects , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Chile/epidemiology , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Farmers/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/methods , Age and Sex Distribution
7.
J Econ Entomol ; 110(1): 186-191, 2017 02 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28011683

ABSTRACT

Delia platura Meigen is an important pest in crops around the world. Its host range includes almost 50 species, and it can develop in soil organic matter. In Ecuador, D. platura is a serious problem for the crop, Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (Chocho), and it also attacks broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). After broccoli is harvested, crop residue is mixed with soil or collected and stored close to Chocho fields. The objectives of this study were to determine the adaptive responses of larvae reared on different hosts and whether D. platura females are preferentially attracted to germinating L. mutabilis seeds or broccoli residue. Accordingly, larval performance and attraction of female D. platura reared on broccoli residue and L. mutabilis seeds were evaluated. The number of larvae, pupae, and adults were higher when reared on broccoli. Conversely, pupal weight was higher and time from larva to pupa, pupa to adult, and total life cycle were longer in flies reared on L. mutabilis. Although D. platura developed more quickly on broccoli, L. mutabilis was also a good host since pupae were heavier compared with flies reared on broccoli. Delia platura females reared on broccoli preferred broccoli residue to L. mutabilis in an olfactometer. Volatiles from broccoli residue in soil may attract D. platura females and stimulate oviposition on L. mutabilis seeds. Environmentally benign production of L. mutabilis crops with minimal insecticide applications may require the elimination of fresh broccoli residue as fertilizer in soils where L. mutabilis is cultivated.


Subject(s)
Brassica , Diptera/physiology , Lupinus , Oviposition , Animals , Brassica/growth & development , Diptera/growth & development , Ecuador , Female , Larva/physiology , Lupinus/growth & development , Pupa/physiology
8.
Vet Ital ; 48(2): 193-218, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22718336

ABSTRACT

The consequences of natural disasters on the people living in the Americas are often amplified by socio-economic conditions. This risk may be increased by climate-related changes. The public health consequences of natural disasters include fatalities as well as an increased risk of communicable diseases. Many of these diseases are zoonotic and foodborne diseases. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the importance of natural disasters for the Americas and to emphasise the contribution of veterinary public health (VPH) to the management of zoonotic and foodborne disease risks. An analysis was conducted of natural disasters that occurred in the Americas between 2004 and 2008. Five cases studies illustrating the contributions of VPH in situations of disaster are presented. The data shows that natural disasters, particularly storms and floods, can create very important public health problems. Central America and the Caribbean, particularly Haiti, presented a higher risk than the other areas of the Americas. Two priority areas of technical cooperation are recommended for this region, namely: reducing the risk of leptospirosis and other vector-borne disease outbreaks related to floods and hurricanes and improving food safety. The contribution of different disciplines and sectors in disaster preparedness and response is of paramount importance to minimise morbidity and mortality.


Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Disasters , Public Health , Veterinary Medicine , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Americas/epidemiology , Animals , Humans
9.
Arequipa; s.n; 29 dic. 1999. 62 p.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-240587

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico de casos y controles en niños nacidos en el Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado entre julio de 1993 y julio de 1996 que tuvieron el antecedente de ictericia patológica neonatal. El propósito fundamental fue evaluar el desarrollo psicomotor en estos niños a la edad de 3 a 5 niños mediante el TEPSI y compararlos con un grupo control. De los 100 niños encontrados se selecciono a 40 niños como grupo de expuesto, los cuáles cumplieron con todos los criterios de inclusión del presente trabajo, luego se seleccionó un grupo de 40 niños no expuestos. Para ésta investigación se utilizó el test de desarrollo psicomotor TEPSI. Se realizó una vista domiciliaria a todos los niños, luego de haber revisado los archivos de estadística del Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado Espinoza de Arequipa. Después de procesar los datos obtenidos, se determinó que el grupo de niños con antecedente de ictericia patológica al nacer, tuvieron un desarrollo psicomotor de riesgo: El 5 por ciento (2 niños) en el subtest de coordinación; 10 por ciento (4 niños) en el subtest del lenguaje y el 5 por ciento (2 niños) en el subtest de motricidad. Mediante la aplicación de las pruebas estadísticas del Chi-Cuadrado y la correlación r de Pearson, se estableció que no existe una asociación significativa entre la ictericia patológica al nacer y el desarrollo psicomotor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bilirubin , Jaundice , Pediatrics
10.
Publicación Técnica;2
Monography in Spanish | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr3-51870

ABSTRACT

[Prólogo] La edición de la "Guía para el Tratamiento de la Rabia en el Hombre" que realiza INPPAZ recoge las observaciones que sobre una versión anterior fueron hechas por sus numerosos lectores y está destinada fundamentalmente a quienes tienen la responsabilidad de brindar atención médica en los servicios de salud y a servir como material de apoyo a las actividades de docencia y capacitación.


Subject(s)
Rabies , Rabies virus , Rabies Vaccines
11.
Buenos Aires; Instituto Panamericano de Protección de Alimentos y Zoonosis; 1993. 84 p. tab.(INPPAZ. Publicación Técnica, 2).
Monography in Spanish | PAHO | ID: pah-17140
12.
Buenos Aires; Instituto Panamericano de Protección de Alimentos y Zoonosis; 1993. 84 p. tab.(INPPAZ. Publicación Técnica, 2).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-371325
13.
Buenos Aires; Instituto Panamericano de Protección de Alimentos y Zoonosis; 1993. 84 p. tab.(INPPAZ. Publicación Técnica, 2). (4409).
Monography in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-4409
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