Colite pseudomembranosa / Pseudomembranous colitis

A colite pseudomembranosa (CPM) foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1893 por Finney, sendo uma doença infecciosa que surge geralmente com o uso frequente de antibióticos, levando a um quadro de diarreia, sendo provocada por reação inflamatória intestinal às toxinas do Clostridium difficile. Apresenta-se, neste relato, o caso de uma paciente de 80 anos que, após internação, apresentou quadro de celulite nos membros inferiores (MMII), com hipertermia, rubor, dor, tratada por sete dias com ciprofloxacino 500mg de 12/12 horas com boa evolução. Trinta e cinco dias após, paciente retorna com quadro de distensão e de dor abdominal e diarreia mucosa. A retossigmoidoscopia associada à biópsia foi o método que estabeleceu o diagnóstico de colite pseudomembranosa, possibilitando tratamento clínico bem sucedido, evitando-se a intervenção cirúrgica.

Pseudomembranous colitis was inicially described in 1893 by Finney, resulting in an infectious disease which arises in the daily antibiotic consume, leading basically to diarrhea symptons, induced by Clostridium difficile toxin inflammatory reations. This case report exibits a 80th-year patient who, after being treated of an limb cellulitis, with pain, blush and heat, with ciprofloxacin 500mg 12/12h, being curable. Thirty five days later, patient returns presenting abdominal pain and distention, and volumous mucosal diarrhea. Submited to a retossigmoisdocopy followed by a biopsy, diagnosing a difuse pseudomembranous colitis, clinically treated, avoiding the surgical treatment.

Gallic Acid and Dodecyl Gallate Prevents Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute and Chronic Hepatotoxicity by Enhancing Hepatic Antioxidant Status and Increasing p53 Expression.

Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA), a natural phenolic acid has been reported as a strong antioxidant. Therefore the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of GA and dodecyl gallate (DGA) against acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. For acute model, rats were orally treated with GA and DGA for 7 d prior to CCl4 by intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection. For the chronic model, rats were orally treated with GA or DGA and CCl4 i.p. twice a week for four weeks. In both acute and chronic models, the CCl4-treated groups showed significantly increase in serum hepatic enzyme activities and histopathologic alterations, as well as a disruption in antioxidative status. In contrast, the treatment with GA and DGA restored serum hepatic enzymes activities, improved histopathologic alterations, increased glutathione (GSH) and decreased lipid peroxidation levels. The activities of liver antioxidant enzymes were increased by GA and DGA only in acute model. The expression of p53 gene increased about 3.5 times after GA and DGA treatments, which could result in cell death of damaged hepatocytes preventing of a lifelong liver failure. Thus, these results suggest that GA and DGA has the potential to prevent liver damages as the case of fibrosis condition.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Berry Fruits in Mice Model of Inflammation is Based on Oxidative Stress Modulation.

BACKGROUND: Many fruits have been used as nutraceuticals because the presence of bioactive molecules that play biological activities. OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to compare the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of methanolic extracts of Lycium barbarum (GOJI), Vaccinium macrocarpon (CRAN) and Vaccinium myrtillus (BLUE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mices were treated with extracts (50 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), twice a day through 10 days. Phytochemical analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity was determine by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, reducing power, lipid peroxidation thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by paw edema followed by determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and TBARS. RESULTS: High amount of phenolic compounds, including rutin, were identified in all berries extracts. However, quercetin was observed only in BLUE and CRAN. GOJI presents higher scavenging activity of DPPH radical and reducing power than BLUE and CRAN. The extracts improved antioxidant status in liver; BLUE showed the largest reduction (75.3%) in TBARS when compared to CRAN (70.7%) and GOJI (65.3%). Nonetheless, CAT activity was lower in BLUE group. However, hepatic concentrations of GSH were higher in animals treated with GOJI rather than CRAN and BLUE. Despite all fruits caused a remarkable reduction in paw edema and TBARS, only BLUE and CRAN were able to reduce MPO. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that quercetin, rutin, or other phenolic compound found in these berry fruits extracts could produce an anti-inflammatory response based on modulation of oxidative stress in paw edema model. SUMMARY: Within fruits broadly consumed because of its nutraceuticals properties include, Lycium barbarum (Goji berry), Vaccinium myrtillus (Blueberry or Bilberry) and Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry)The objectives of this study were the investigation and comparison of chemical composition, antioxidant activity "in vitro" and "in vivo" and anti inflammatory property of berry fruits bought dry form.In summary, two main findings can be addressed with this study: (1) Berry fruits presented antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities "in vitro" and "in vivo"; (2) the extracts of GOJI, CRAN, and BLUE modulate the inflammatory process by different mechanisms.